In predation, one species benefits (predator, carnivore -tiger,herbivore-deer)while the other species (prey,carnivore -deer,herbivore-grass) incurs costs.
In parasitism, one species benefits (parasite, example -liver fluke) while the other species incurs costs (human).
Both the species benefit in Mutualism. Example -fig species can be pollinated by wasp species. Female wasp uses the fruit of fig for oviposition and also uses developing seed for nourishing its larvae. And in return the wasp pollinates the fig inflorescence.
In competition, both the interacting species incurs costs (lose).
1.Please read about these biotic interactions in your textbook. Then please show which species benefits (by...