Question

Compare and contrast between pro and eukaryotic cells for their levels of gene expression. Additional level of controls in eukaryotes.

Answer 1

Feature	prokaryotic gene expression	eukaryotic gene expression
Organisation of genes	genes are organised into operons where more than one genes are regulated by a common promoter	single gene is having single promoter and no operons are found
Transcription	takes place in cytoplasm and can be coupled with translation, one type of RNA polymerase is present	takes place in nucleus and is not coupled with translation, contains three types of RNA polymerases
Post translational modifications	no post translational modification	post translational modification like acetylation methylation ubiquitination glycosylation ribosylation phosphorylation can occur on specific amino acid residue of proteins
Type of mRNA	mRNA is polycistronic type because it contains information for more than one gene	monocistronic mRNA, because one mRNA contains information for one gene only
Introns	introns are non coding in nature are absent	introns are present which are non coding in nature most of the DNA (99.9%) is non coding
Level of regulation	occurs at the level of transcription	occurs at every step of of formation of genetic material and protein, at the level of transcription, translation, DNA replication, post transcriptional modification, post translational modification and epigenetic regulation
Regulation type	simple type of regulation and short term regulation	Complex type of regulation including short term and long term regulation

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