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Explain in terms of Newton's laws each of the following: How does beating a rug clean...

Explain in terms of Newton's laws each of the following: How does beating a rug clean it? How does a hummingbird or a helicopter hover in midair? What are the external forces acting when an automobile is traveling on a level road at a constant speed?

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newtons 1st law explains the 1st question .when we beat the rug  we set the rug in motion while the dust particles due to their property of inertia tend to remain at rest (since initially they were at rest),and get separated from the carpet.

By newtons  Third law, the bird or humming bird pushes the air downward creates an equal and opposing force pushing  the helicopter or bird allowing it to hover.

The net external forces acting are friction, air resistance , normal force from road which cancel out the the driving force provided by engine giving net force zero

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