Question

Function and Importance

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Tricuspid valve

Major blood vessels and their functions

Superior Vena Cava

Inferior Vena Cava

Pulmonary Veins

Pulmonary Artery

Aorta

Subscapular Vein

Coeliac Artery

Renal Arteries

Coeliac Artery

Deep Femoral Artery

Hepatic Arteries

Mesenteric Arteries

Umbilical arteries

Kidneys functions

Umbilical veins

Soft palate function.

Ovaries

Osmoregulation

Cornea

Frog and Pig Anatomy with Parts and Functions

Answer 1

The right atrium is the anatomical feature of the heart where it forms a chamber in the heart. The heart in total has four chambers the two atria and two ventricles the atrium are the left atrium and the right atrium amongst them the Right atrium functions in receiving the deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and the inferior vena cava. It then pumps back the blood into the right ventricle from where the blood will be pumped to the lungs. Its importance is in maintaining the rhythmic movement of the blood from the body (being deoxygenated) to the heart and from the heart to the lungs (for gaseous exchange).

The Left Atrium similarly gets the blood from the lungs, which is oxygenated and is stored in this chamber of the heart. Once the valves open following the stimulus by the heart pacemakers the oxygenated blood moves from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This chamber of the heart is important in receiving the oxygenated blood from the lungs.

The Right Ventricle is the chamber of the heart which is connected by the right atrium via a tricuspid valve and it receives the deoxygenated blood from the left atrium it functions, then, to send this collected deoxygenated blood back to the lungs for gaseous exchange thus its function is to transport the deoxygenated blood to lungs for the process of gaseous exchange.

The Left Ventricle is the final chamber of the heart where the blood enters after getting oxygenated from the lungs to the left atrium and via mitral valve reaches this chamber. After the contraction of the left ventricle, the oxygenated blood moves out of the heart through the pulmonary trunk and is distributed throughout the body. It thus functions in distributing the oxygenated blood to the body.

Tricuspid valve or the right atrioventricular valve is the one present between the right atrium and the right ventricle its function is to allow the passage of the blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle after the contraction of the right atrium. Its importance is such that it behaves as a passageway for the blood to enter this right lower chamber or the ventricle and prevent the backflow of the blood from the ventricle back to the atrium.

The major blood vessels include those blood vessels that carry the blood to and fro the heart. These include all those arteries and veins that carry blood to and from the heart. The examples are the pulmonary trunk, the superior and inferior vena cava, The left and right pulmonary veins and the aorta. The functions and the importance of these major blood vessels are already mentioned by me in the discussion of the heart chambers earlier. The pulmonary arteries are those which carry blood from the heart to the lungs whereas the pulmonary veins are those that carry blood from the lungs to the heart. Aorta is the thick artery that transfers blood from the heart throughout the body.

The superior vena cava is the part of the major blood vessel of the heart which functions as the vessel that brings all the deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body to the heart.

The inferior vena cava again is a part of the major blood vessel that brings the blood from the lower part of the body to the heart. Both, the superior and the inferior vena cava are important to bring the deoxygenated blood from the body parts to the right atrium of the heart.

The function and importance of the pulmonary arteries and the veins are already discussed in the major blood vessel section. these arteries and veins are important for the double circulation of the blood in the heart and the lungs.

The aorta is the larger elastic artery which helps circulate the blood from the heart to the body once the oxygenated blood travels through them after left ventricular contraction.

A Subscapular Vein is a vein which is formed by the convergence of the two veins mainly a thoracodorsal vein (mainly a vein located posterior to the chest wall) and the circumflex scapular veins (ones present in the surrounding arc of the scapula bone) these veins accompany the subcapsular artery in order to drain inside the axillary vein.

The Coeliac Artery or the celiac artery is one of the major branches of the abdominal aorta present in the body. The major function of this artery is to supply the blood to the organs present in the abdominal portion of the body such as the stomach, the liver, the spleen etcetera. This artery is important because it is the major source of blood for these organs.

The renal arteries are the ones arising from the inferior side of the abdominal artery (left). The function of this artery is to supply the kidneys with the oxygenated blood. Thus they are very important for the proper functioning of the organ.

The Deep Femoral Artery as the name suggests is the artery that goes deep inside, it is an offshoot of the femoral artery but compared to other femoral arteries it travels deep. The function of this artery is to supply the back of the thigh with the oxygenated blood.

The hepatic artery is the artery which functions mainly in supplying the liver and other organs such as the stomach, the pancreas and the gallbladder with the oxygenated blood. As described earlier the celiac artery, this artery arises from that particular artery.

The mesenteric arteries are the ones which aid in providing with the GI tract or the gastrointestinal tract with the oxygenated blood supply. They do this by collecting the blood from the aorta and then circulating it towards the major portions of the GI tract.

The Umbilical arteries are the ones which are present in the fetus and their function is to circulate the deoxygenated blood from the fetus tissues to the placenta. As contrasting to the Umbilical arteries are the Umbilical veins which function by transferring the fetus with the oxygenated blood.

Kidneys are the important organ of the body as they deal with the osmoregulation of the organism. Their main function is to purify the blood of the unwanted products such as the metabolites, the drugs, and components which if accumulated in the body tissues will prove to be toxic. Osmoregulation is the balance of the salt and water concentration in the body which is ideally maintained by the kidneys by glomerular filtration.

The soft pallet is a membrane made up of muscle fibers and is mobile. It functions in the closing of the nasal passage while the act of swallowing food. Even during the sneezing, this membrane protects the nasal passageway by diverting some of the excreted mucus substance to the mouth.

The ovaries are the female sexual organs which are responsible for the formation of the female gametes called the ovum and these organs also produce the hormones aiding the menstruation.

The cornea is the transparent frontal part of the eye which is responsible for the covering of the anterior chamber of the eye containing the lens and the iris. It is important since it is required for focusing the light rays for the vision.