Question

what are the main functions of the following organelles listed below?

nucleus

nucleoid

ribosomes

mitochondria

golgi apparatus

endoplasmic reticulum

lysosomes

Answer 1

Answer-

1. Nucleus- Main function of nucleus is to store genetic material enclosed in nuclear membrane. Its main function is to control gene expression and to carry DNA replication during cell cycle.

2. Nucleoid- Nucleoid contains bacterial DNA along with RNA, proteins and enzymes useful in cellular processes.So nucleoid controls activity of cell and reproduction.

3. Ribosomes- Ribosomes are ribonucleoproteins functions in protein synthesis. It has large subunit in which tRNA comes with amino acid (A-site),  then loads amino acid on growing polypeptide chain (P-site) and then exists from E-site. In small subunit mRNA enters for translation.

4. Mitochondria- Mitochondria is main site of respiration and ATP synthesis. The main energy producing pathways I.e.-oxidation of fatty acids, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.

5. Golgi apparatus- The main function of golgi apparatus is modification, sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion. It is also function in lipid transport around cell and creation of lysosomes.

6. Endoplasmic reticulum- Rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis, folding, modification and transport of proteins. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids and hormones.

7. Lysosomes- Lysosome mainly functions in digestion and waste removal from cell. It contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes digest worn out organelles, engulfed viruses or bacteria or food particles.