Question

Complete the following table. Write the function, and yes or no depending on if the organelle exists in that type of cell

organelle	function	Prokaryote	Plant Eukaryote	Animal Eukaryote

organelles:

cell membrane

cell wall

nucleus

chloroplast

mitochrondria

large central vestical

golgi apparatus

lysosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes

cytoskeleton

cytoplasm

Answer 1

Organelle	Function	Prokaryote	Plant Eukaryote	Animal eukaryote
Cell membrane	It has fluid mosaic structure and protects the contents in the cell, is semi-permeable in nature. It controls passage of certain molecules like amino acids, proteins, ions etc. Also helps in gas exhange	Yes	Yes	Yes
cell wall	Provides rigid support, structure of cell and protection from harsh external environment. Composition of cell wall varies between prokaryotes and plant cell. Bacterial cell wall is mainly made up of peptidoglycans or mucopeptide and is complex. Plant cell wall is simple in composition ad mainly made up of carbohydrates like cellulose, chitin, pectin/	Yes	Yes	No
Nucleus	The genetic material, DNA is present in this double membraneous organelle called nucleus. Its main functions are to help in replication to divide the genetic material in progeny cells. Another function is to provide site for transcription to occur i.e. RNA synthesis. It is the first step in gene expression	No (region is called nucleoid where DNA is spread out and bound to some proteins)	Yes	Yes
chloroplast	Main function of chloroplasts is to carry out photosynthesis. During this process light energy from sun along with water and carbon dioxide is converted to food energy in form of carbohydrate and oxygen.	No	Yes	No
mitochondria	Mitichondria are also called power house of the cell as they are the organelles for ATP synthesis. They carry out process of cellular respiration where in presence of oxygen, redox equivalents like NADH, FADH2 etc obtained from metabolism of nutrients are used for ATP synthesis	No	Yes	Yes
large central vacuole	Large vacuole is found in plant cells. It is filled with fluid and molecules and maintains turgor pressure inside the plant cell	No	Yes	No
Golgi apparatus	Main function is to modify, package and sort the proteins for ither secretion or transport to other organelles. It also had role in lipid transport. It helps in the formation of lysosomes	No	Yes	Yes
lysosomes	They contain digestive enzymes. Their main role is to digest the damaged organelles or molecules and engulfed viruses or bacteria.	No	Yes	Yes
endoplasmic reticulum	It has two forms rough ER (RER) and smooth ER (SER). Main function of RER is to carry out protein synthesis on the ribosomes attached to its surface. It also helps in protein folding, its modification and transport to target organelles. SER plays role in hormone and lipid biosynthesis	No	Yes	Yes
ribosomes	Ribosomes main role is for protein synthesis. The 3-D structure of ribosome provides specific site where charged tRNAs can attached and polypetide synthesis can occur. Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes whereas eukryotes have 80S	Yes	Yes	Yes
cytoskeleton	Comprises of microtubules and filaments. They help in maintaining internal structure of the cell. They also help in process of cell division and cell movement	Yes	Yes	Yes
cytoplasm	This is fluid or gelly like suspension found in side the cell. It is the place where the cell organelles are suspended and many processes like protein synthesis occur in cytoplasm	Yes	Yes	Yes