Question

Compare and contrast values and norms, and then discuss the various types of norms.

Answer 1

Comparison / contrast between values and norms

Basis	Vaues	Norms
Meaning	These are general standards which decide what is good and what is bad and these are principles believed by an individual	These are guidelines which direct our conduct in a particular situation.These are behaviour accepted by society.
Definition	values are general standards or principles believed by individuals which they consider important to them	norms are culturally established rules accepted by society.
General or specific	these are general guidelines and may vary individual to individual	these are specific guidelines and may vary society to society
Relation	these are ends	these are means to achieve ends
Types	* moral values * Religious values * Political values *Social values * Aesthetic values	* Destriptive norms *Social norms * Injunctive norms * Formal and informal norms
Examples	honesty is the best policy is a general value	students should not cheat in exams is a norm. Covering mouth while coughing,shaking hands while meeting to someone,saying sorry when at mistake.

Types of norms------

* Descriptive norms--- It refers to beliefs about what other people actually d.

For example---- The perception of how many people in my peer group smoke

* Social norms---- these are the norms which can be subdivided as folkways, Mores, law and taboos

Folkways are customs or behaviour that are learnt and shared by social groups.

Mores are norms of morality what is wron ,what is right

Law is a social control that is formally inscribed at state or federal level

Taboos are very negetive norms which should never be violated.For ex--- open talk about menstruation

* Formal and Informal norms--- These norms are generally written down and involves strict rules for punishment of violaters for example - law

Informal norms are generally understood and not precisely recorded or written .for ex-- dress to be worn at funeral will be different from that to be worn in evening party

* Proscriptive norms-- these are such norms which role players should avoid

* Prescriptive norms--- these are positive norms which role players are expected to follow.