Question

1. What ends up moving in the speaker to create sound?

2. How does this movement affect the air surrounding the speaker?

3. What alterations could you implement to make your speaker louder?

Answer 1

What ends up moving in the speaker to create sound

There is a thing called voice call which is basically an electromagnet,  in the speaker. This voice call is suspended between a ring shaped permanent magnet.  When magnetic field is generated by the current through the copper winding of magnet, the voice call is either repulsed or attracted which results in back and forth motion of voice call and this movement produces sound

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How does this movement affect the air surrounding the speaker

The movement of voice call makes the surrounding air molecules collide with each other means the air exerts a force on speaker drum and the resulting wave is what we interpret as sound

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What alterations could you implement to make your speaker louder

more the movement of voice call, more will be the sound. Faster the movement of voice call, faster will be the air molecules collisions, louder will be the sound. Also, Sending a large pulse of current into a loudspeaker makes the cone move further and generates a louder noise