Question

Part I: Define each of the following terms:

1. Organization

-

2. Span of control

3. Vertical organization

4. Chain of command

5. Unity of command

6. Centralization

7. Group cohesiveness

Answer 1

1. Organization-------Organization is the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives.” In the words of Allen, organization is an instrument for achieving organizational goals. The work of each and every person is defined and authority and responsibility is fixed for accomplishing the same.

2. Span of control-----------The number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can directly control. This number varies with the type of work: complex, variable work reduces it to six, whereas routine, fixed work increases it to twenty or more. Span of control is the term now used more commonly in business management, particularly human resource management. Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor has.

3. Vertical organization----------A vertical organization structure is one that relies on managers to command and control their employees' work. A business owner is typically at the top of a vertical chain of command. The vertical organizational structure is a strict hierarchical structure with power emanating from the top to the bottom.

4. Chain of command-----------: a series of positions of authority or rank within an organization that are ordered from lowest to highest .     chain of command” refers to a company's hierarchy of reporting relationships – from the bottom to the top of an organization, who must answer to whom. The chain of command not only establishes accountability, it lays out a company’s lines of authority and decision-making power. A proper chain of command ensures that every task, job position and department has one person assuming responsibility for performance.

5. unity of command----------Unity of command is ensuring unity of effort under one responsible person (or commander) for completing a task.     The principle that no subordinate in an organization should report to more than one boss.

6. centralization--------The concentration of control of an activity or organization under a single authority. Centralization is said to be a process where the concentration of decision making is in a few hands.

7. group cohesiveness--------Group cohesiveness arises when bonds link members of a social group to one another and to the group as a whole. Cohesiveness is the degree to which the group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the groups. Cohesiveness defines the degree of closeness that the members feel with the groups.