How does uncover novel protein interact with estrogen receptor alpha? (contain related diagram) (Please explain in detail)
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) serves as a ligand-activated transcription factor, turning on the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes in target cells. Numerous regulatory proteins interact with the receptor to influence ER alpha-mediated transactivation. In this study, we have identified pp32, which interacts with the DNA binding domain of ER alpha when the receptor is free, but not when it is bound to an estrogen response element. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that endogenously expressed pp32 and ER alpha from MCF-7 breast cancer cells interact. Although pp32 substantially enhances the association of the receptor with estrogen response element-containing DNA, overexpression of pp32 in MCF-7 cells decreases transcription of an estrogen-responsive reporter plasmid. pp32 Represses p300-mediated acetylation of ER alpha and histones in vitro and inhibits acetylation of ER alpha in vivo. pp32 Also binds to other nuclear receptors and inhibits thyroid hormone receptor beta-mediated transcription. Taken together, our studies provide evidence that pp32 plays a role in regulating the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes by modulating acetylation of histones and ER alpha and also influences the transcription of other hormone-responsive genes.
The transcriptional coactivator PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) has been characterized as a broad regulator of cellular energy metabolism. Although PGC-1α functions through many transcription factors, the PGC-1α partners identified to date are unlikely to account for all of its biologic actions. The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a cardiac cDNA library as a novel PGC-1α-binding protein. ERRα was implicated previously in regulating the gene encoding medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), which catalyzes the initial step in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The cardiac perinatal expression pattern of ERRα paralleled that of PGC-1α and MCAD. Adenoviral-mediated ERRα overexpression in primary neonatal cardiac myocytes induced endogenous MCAD expression. Furthermore, PGC-1α enhanced the transactivation of reporter plasmids containing an estrogen response element or the MCAD gene promoter by ERRα and the related isoform ERRγ. In vitro binding experiments demonstrated that ERRα interacts with PGC-1α via its activation function-2 homology region. Mutagenesis studies revealed that the LXXLL motif at amino acid position 142–146 of PGC-1α (L2), necessary for PGC-1α interactions with other nuclear receptors, is not required for the PGC-1α·ERRα interaction. Rather, ERRα binds PGC-1α primarily through a Leu-rich motif at amino acids 209–213 (Leu-3) and utilizes additional LXXLL-containing domains as accessory binding sites. Thus, the PGC-1α·ERRα interaction is distinct from that of other nuclear receptor PGC-1α partners, including PPARα, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, and estrogen receptor α. These results identify ERRα and ERRγ as novel PGC-1α interacting proteins, implicate ERR isoforms in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism, and suggest a potential mechanism whereby PGC-1α selectively binds transcription factor partners.
How does uncover novel protein interact with estrogen receptor alpha? (contain related diagram) (Please explain in...
Select one compound (drug or toxicant) that targets one of the three receptor types(G-protein coupled receptor pathway, A receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, An ion channel pathway ) and discuss the following for the selected compound: The name of the receptor involved The type of ligand that the drug or toxicant presents: Agonist, antagonist Are there natural ligands that interact with the receptor? If so explain the interaction. Provide a brief explanation of the mechanism of the cellular response upon ligand...
Please explain in detail how to determine the answer : If a part of a protein has sequence of GLEDKSA and forms one continuous α-helix, which amino acid is the carbonyl of glycine non-covalently boned to?
In 1970s and 1980s, molecular biologists discovered that the hormone testosterone, binds a receptor protein that recognizes a 15 base pair DNA sequence. Asa result, genes that contain this sequence can be activated by testosterone. Scientists called this hormone, an enhancer and exploited its property to turn genes off or on. In your class, you observed a similar mechanism related to a milk protein. Answer the following questions: What is the important molecular phenomenon or concept that you learned in...
Cell communication in Biology, please explain me in detail, I will rate you, Thank you so much!!!!! Diagram an adrenergic receptor in detail. What type of receptor is an adernergic receptor? How do adrenergic receptors respond to the presence of their ligands? What is the ligand for adrenergic receptors?
How does the differentiation of alpha and beta hemolysis in members of the genus Streptococcus aid in determining their likely pathogenicity? EXPLAIN IN DETAIL
Can you please give a detail explanation. Please help me understand how many alpha carbons does 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone have? I keep debating between 1 and 2.
1) What does beta lactamase do, and how is that helpful in selecting bacteria that contain your plasmid of interest (in this case, pUC19)? 2) (6 points) What protein fragment does the gene lacZ alpha encode for? a. When this peptide is expressed in E. coli DHSq, it combines with an E.coli expressed peptide to make a functional protein. What is this E. coli encoded peptide called? b. What is the biological role of the complete protein that is made...
If the mass of a protein is 15070 g/mol, approximately how many amino acids does it contain? (assume there are no other protein modifications) please provide formulas and explanation. thank you
Explain and diagram how the unit circle is related to the wave equation.
P1. How does H-bridge circuit help in motor functioning? Explain in detail with a circuit diagram. P2. What are the other applications of H-bridge encoder that you can think of? P3. How will the encoder work when a PWM signal is applied? How does the mode of operation change? Consider PWM signal as a regular square wave signal.