Question

Use all three components of expectancy theory to explain why some employees are motivated to show up for work during a severe storm whereas others make no effort to leave their home.

please be original

Answer 1

Expectancy theory is the concept which holds that individuals behave in a certain manner and choose one option over the other because of what they expect , the outcome of that option will be.
The approach is based on the underlying belief that a human being uses a rational approach in choosing the option that will maximize his benefits and reduce his pain.

Therefore employee's motivation to show up for work in a snow storm is largely determined by the perception which the employee holds and the preference of outcome he will choose regarding the behaviour which will lead to a certain type of expected outcome.

Explaining the motivation of individual to show up for work in a snow storn ,with the help of three components of theory:
The three components are :

Valence :
It refers specifically to the emotional orientation which employee will hold with respect to the likely outcome of the option chosen :

-1 = Emoloyee regarding this decision will feel that the reward that he will recieve is not worth of efforts he will make to show up for work or the likely consequence of falling sick. Thus are not motivated for showing up

+1 = Emoloyees will percieve showing up for work in such a snow storm as the act that will be rewarded and considered herioc and are thus are motivated to the high inclination of reward or outcomes from showing up.

Instrumentality:
Employee here will believe that the second level of rewards depend on the first level outcome.

Thus employee having High instrumentality will see that the showing up during difficult situation will encourage the chances of getting promotion in future. Therefore will be motivated for showing up.

And employees having low instrumentality will not bother of future scenario but consider the present fact such as efforts and health involved. Thus will not be motivated for showing up.

Expectancy :

This component refer to the expectation of individual regarding what outcome will they achieve from showing up for work.

The employees with low expectancy will expect that no possible rewards will be given or the motive of showing up will most likely remain unattained , thus do not show upband stay back at home

The employees with high expectancy will be motivated as they will expect that the outcome will be as they have thought it to be.

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