Question

what recent infectious microbial disease outbreaks have there been in California? Explain why this is likely to have occurred and what steps could be taken to prevent further occurrences.

infectious microbial disease measles outbreaks that happened in California 2019, Explain why did measles outbreak occur in California in 2019 and what steps could be taken to prevent further occurrences.

Answer 1

Measles is a viral disease. It is highly contagious disease. It is widespread in many parts of the world, which include Europe, Africa, and Asia. Measles begins with a fever. The fever lasts for a couple of days, followed by a cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis (pink eye), and a rash. The rash typically appears first on the face, along the hairline, and behind the ears and then affects the rest of the body. The infected people become contagious 4 days before the appearance of rashes to 4 days after the appearance of rashes.
The measles disease was declared eliminated in the year 2000. But the US government has again experienced the largest outbreak of measles in the year 2019 with 681 cases of measles. It was confirmed by centre for disease control. Of the 681 total reported cases, 73 were reported from California itself.In early 2019, a measles outbreak occurred in the Portland metropolitan area, including the Clark County, Washington suburbs, in the United States.
Of the six outbreaks, five were linked to patients with international travel, while one had an unknown source. The largest outbreak consisted of 21 cases and involved multiple generations of transmission in a health care setting. The other five outbreaks involved from 3 to 5 cases.
Measles readily spreads in communities and social networks with lower coverage.
It has happened like this because of the following reasons :
1. growing number of parents resisted to make their children get vaccinated against disease like measles.
2. Due to the international travel of the persons with measles.
The steps that were taken to prevent the further occurrence of measles are:
1. Banned the unvaccinated children to move or from coming out into public places.
2. Rapid implementation of outbreak control measures were taken up by central and state governments.
3. Vaccination was given rapidly to all those children who were not vaccinated.
4. Prevented the travel of persons to those areas, where infection was fully spread.
5. Human normal immunoglobulin or HNIG was given that could protect from measles against measles immediately.