Question

• Examine the population trends in the two most recent stages of economic development:
• The Atlantic industrial era
• The Pacific global era
• Compare the environmental conditions between these two eras and with what occurred in the first three stages of global economic development.
• Explain how the population trends in these eras led to urbanization.
• Choose one of the world’s urban agglomerations listed in Table 1.7.
• Identify three environmental effects cause by urbanization in this area.
• Identify a specific animal population decline that resulted from urbanization in this area.

Answer 1

1.Humans use resources for their development but this in tern affect the environment in a very great way.

during atlantic industrial era the population had increased . this increase in population has affected the economic development and also the environment.The population grows and so does the urbanization increases.these increase in population affects the environment in a numerous hazardous way. this era is presently at greatest of its development.

while the pacific era is the population rate is slowing down .intially it was rapidly increasing during 1st stage but later on during second stage the population decreased.since fertility rate begins to fall. more people are under the working age group so economic development was way more higher.during this the population was not fixed.some stages it grew and in some stages it was slowing down.

2. environmental condition

-atlantic era - environmental conditions declined whenever scale infrastructure and transportation increased. the atlantic era had a lot of industrial development and so does the fossil fuel consumption did increase.since population was high in this era so overuse of all the available resources was one of the main issues. more vehicles means more pollution. negative impact on environment.

- pacific era- during this era the environmental conditions were severe. energy use increased in this era. and increase in the amount of powerlines , buildings and roads that were built and this indirectly had impact on the environment. more housing.increase in fossil fuel consumption and these increase was not constant like in atlantic era because the population was not rising constantly.

in 1st stage of economic development was not much as hunting and gathering was most dominantly. agriculture didnt flourish well.there was no significant environmental damage. the population was loiw so environment was not much affected.

during second stage , there was riverine development and so exprienced more economic development . agriculture flourished near the river bank ,more goods were carried from one place to other,economic development was going better.raw materials were popular.the technology was soon developing so this impacts economic as well as transportation facility.

in final stage agricultural empire was set up.population and technology evolved hand in hand.exporting begins. so transportation demands consumption of fossil fuels and in turn use of fossil fuels.

3. during these era the population growth led to urbanisation by

-increase in agriculture.since agriculture was at its greatest height of development.so more economic development.more raw materials were produced and hence more amount of exporting of materials and exchange of currency. since agriculture flourished so population was also increasing. these puts a negative impact on the environment.

4. no fig. is listed

5.-as infrastructure were constructed so trees were cut down and these affected the environment.

-industrial development rapidly increased so carinogen were more produced in the environment. humans suffered from diseases like cancer.

- geologic structures were affected like river and oceans where the increasing population polluted the structures.

6. birds were declined mostly due to urbanization during these era.