Question

What do you think the future of genetic research might involve? what would be your preference for future genetic research? identify and analyze some of Resnick's positions for example, ( what are they, and do you agree with them ? why or why not?

Answer 1

Answer :

The importance of human genetic research for present and future

We all share the basic human genome, although there are individual variations which distinguish us from other people. … This sharing of our genetic constitution not only gives rise to opportunities to help others but it also highlights our common interest in the fruits of medically-based genetic research.

The 1999 Wills Report, which resulted from a major strategic review of health and medical research in Australia, referred to the need to take advantage of advances in biotechnology to improve the health of the Australian population, to build the economy and to create jobs.

Human genetic research generates knowledge with the potential to improve individual and community health. Research can also reveal information about an individual’s susceptibility to disease and hence about the individual’s future health. Such information may be of interest and benefit to research participants especially if preventive strategies exist.

The completion of the first mapping of the human genome under the Human Genome Project has opened huge potential for research into the ways in which genes relate to human conditions, capacities, diseases, impairments and susceptibilities. The scope of genetic research may be illustrated by reference to the current activities of just one major Australian genetic research organisation. The Murdoch Childrens Research Institute is conducting research into, among other things, the underlying genetic causes of neuromuscular disorders, inherited hearing loss, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cancers, ataxias and addiction.

Although exact figures are not available, it is likely that human genetic research will become an increasingly important component of medical research generally. One indication of this is that clinical trials of new drugs increasingly include genetic sub-studies. It has long been known that drug toxicity and efficacy have a genetic component and these sub-studies are intended to investigate genetic causes of individual variations in clinical response to drugs.

next steps in genomic research

Discovering the sequence of the human genome was only the first step in understanding how the instructions coded in DNA lead to a functioning human being. The next stage of genomic research will begin to derive meaningful knowledge from the DNA sequence. Research studies that build on the work of the Human Genome Project are under way worldwide.

The objectives of continued genomic research include the following:

Determine the function of genes and the elements that regulate genes throughout the genome.

Find variations in the DNA sequence among people and determine their significance. The most common type of genetic variation is known as a single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP (pronounced “snip”). These small differences may help predict a person's risk of particular diseases and response to certain medications.

Discover the 3-dimensional structures of proteins and identify their functions.

Explore how DNA and proteins interact with one another and with the environment to create complex living systems.

Develop and apply genome-based strategies for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.

Sequence the genomes of other organisms, such as the rat, cow, and chimpanzee, in order to compare similar genes between species.

Develop new technologies to study genes and DNA on a large scale and store genomic data efficiently.

Continue to explore the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by genomic research