Question

The software development life cycle – part 1

1.What are the stages of the life cycle using the Waterfall as an example?

2.Basic understanding of hardware and software

3.For example, hardware – What is a CPU, disk drive?

4.What is a router and what does it do in general?

5.What is an example of an operating System?

Chapter 1

6.What is the relationship between the general manager and IT/IS.

7.The different ways that business strategy and technology strategy are related.

8.The relationship between organizational strategy and IT/IS strategy.

9.The strategy that aids in a firm’s ability to adapt and respond.

Chapter 2

10.Understand the types of risks related to IT/IS.

11.The various activities that create, deliver, and support a company’s product or service.

12.Those things that following benefit from the network.

13.How Zara’s used information systems.

14.Know what Salesforce.com.

15.Major categories of IT capabilities.

Chapter 3

16.Various organization structures.

17.Roles IT/IS plays in management control processes.

18.The purpose and qualities of decision rights.

19.Factors and concerns related to monitoring workers

Qualities of informal networks.

20.How Cognizant’s organizational structure impacted information between employees.

21.Relationship between organization structures and organizational strategies.

Answer 1

PART-1 Answers are given below.

Waterfall Model.

Waterfall approach was first SDLC Model to be used widely in Software Engineering to ensure success of the project. In "The Waterfall" approach, the whole process of software development is divided into separate phases. In this Waterfall model, typically, the outcome of one phase acts as the input for the next phase sequentially.

The sequential phases in Waterfall model are −

• Requirement Gathering and analysis − All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase and documented in a requirement specification document.
• System Design − The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and the system design is prepared. This system design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and helps in defining the overall system architecture.
• Implementation − With inputs from the system design, the system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality, which is referred to as Unit Testing.
• Integration and Testing − All the units developed in the implementation phase are integrated into a system after testing of each unit. Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults and failures.
• Deployment of system − Once the functional and non-functional testing is done; the product is deployed in the customer environment or released into the market.
• Maintenance − There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To fix those issues, patches are released. Also, to enhance the product some better versions are released. Maintenance is done to deliver these changes in the customer environment.

All these phases are cascaded to each other in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases. The next phase is started only after the defined set of goals are achieved for previous phase and it is signed off, so the name "Waterfall Model". In this model, phases do not overlap.

What is a CPU, disk drive

CPU

A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor or main processor, is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

The two typical components of a CPU include the following:

• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.

A disk drive is a technology that enables the reading, writing, deleting and modifying of data on a computer storage disk. It is either a built-in or external component of a disk that manages the disk's input/output (I/O) operations.

A disk partition in a hard disk is also known as a disk drive, such as drive C and drive D, etc.

Router

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork until it reaches its destination node.^[2]

A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks.^[b] When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.

Operating System

• DOS - Disk Operating System - one of the first operating systems for the personal computer. When you turned the computer on all you saw was the command prompt which looked like c: >. You had to type all commands at the command prompt which might look like c:>wpwp.exe. This is called a command-line interface.
  It was not very "user friendly"
• Windows - The Windows operating system, a product of Microsoft, is a GUI(graphical user interface) operating system. This type of "user friendly" operating system is said to have WIMP features:
  • Windows
  • Icons
  • Menus
  • Pointing device (mouse)
• MacOS - Macintosh, a product of Apple, has its own operating system with a GUI and WIMP features.
• Unix - Linux (the PC version of Unix) - Unix and Linux were originally created with a command-line interface, but recently have added GUI enhancements.