Question

Describe how glucose is instrumental in the formation of FA.

• How does glucose provide the energy and raw materials needed to make

  palmitate?

• How many mol ATP, NADPH, and acetyl-CoA needed to make palmitate?

• How many mol glucose are required for ATP, NADPH, and acetyl-CoA sufficient

  to make one mol palmitate?

• What role does citrate lyase and malic enzyme play in palmitate formation?

Answer 1

Glucose - FA (Question 1&2)

Glucose is the main ingredient in the fatty acid formation. The end product of glucose is pyruvate. This pyruvate is converted to citrate during Krebs cycle, this citrate is again converted to acetyl coenzync A. From acetyl coA fatty acid formation starts. Which eventually gets converted to palmitate.

Question 3.

8 molecules of acetyl coA , 14 molecules of NADPH and 7 molecules of ATP.

Question 4.

4 glucose because 1 glucose produces 2 molecules of acetyl coA and 8 molecules are required for the formation of palmitate.

Question 5

Citrate lyase - this is an important enzyme in the palmitate formation it converts the citrate to acetyl coA . Acetyl coA is then eventually converted to palmitate. This citrate is produced by glucose as during glycolysis glucose is converted to pyruvate and during Krebs cycle pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate and then to citrate. This citrate is substrate for citrate lyase.

malic enzyme-  the substrates for this enzyme are NAD⁺ and malate Which is converted to pyruvate. Now pyruvate is again converted to citrate and eventually to acetyl coA which then further forms palmitate.