Question

Q1)In your own words, define and briefly explain Data Communications. Also, name the five main components of Data Communications.

Q2)In your own words, write a short note about the TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE and what is the difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model?

Q3)Noise is one of the causes of transmission impairment. Different types of noise can affect the transmission of the signals. Briefly List and define TWO of those types in your own words.

Q4)Using your own words, explain the differences between GUIDED and UNGUIDED MEDIA.

Answer 1

Answer to the above question is as follows-

Answer 1.)

Data Communication can be simply defined as a process involving transfer or exchange of some information  or messages between two or more entities. It involves the use of communication technologies to transfer data from one point to another via a transmission medium( like a wire cable), regardless of their geographical location.

The five components of the Data communication are as follows-

( a ) Message - This constitutes the data or information to be communicated. It may be in the form of text , images , audios , videos.

( b ) Sender - The device that generates and sends the message.

( c ) Receiver - The device that receives the message.

( d ) Medium - , it is the way through which message is sent from the sender to the receiver. may be a wire ,fiber-optic cable , radio-waves , etc.

( e ) Protocol - These are the set of rules that the sender and receiver must oblige to during the data communication.

Answer 2-)

TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE is a set of rules to connect various devices over some connected network. It ensures a reliable transfer of information via a 3-way handshake mechanism which it uses.

It consists of five layers which are application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer and physical layer.

OSI	TCP/IP MODEL
This is only a theoretical model used for computing system.	a real client -server model made for transmission of data over the internet.
it follows a vertical approach.	it follows a horizontal approach.
this model has seven layers.	this model has five layers.
has Session and presentation layers	doesn't have the Session and presentation layers
To define the routing protocols and standards- it uses Network layer	To define the routing protocols and standards- it uses Internet layer

Answer 3-)

Noises in data communication are of two types-

1.) External Noise - These are the noises whose sources are external to the system.

These are further of three types

• Atmospheric Noise : also called static noise, caused due to lightning , thunderstorms or other natural disturbances.
• Industrial Noise : caused due to man made machines like auto-mobiles, aircraft, etc
• Extraterrestrial Noise : these include solar noise and cosmic noise.

2.) Internal noise - ocurs due to the system components while functioning.

Most common ones are

• Thermal agitation noise also called Johnson noise or Electrical noise.

• Shot noise which occurs owing to  to the random movement of electrons and holes.

• Transit-time noise occurs in transmission media during transition of messages.

Answer 4.)

Guided media	Unguided Media
The signal is transmitted through wires	The signal is transmitted through air
this type provides direction to signal for travelling.	This type does not provide any direction.
In this the signals are in the form of voltage, current or photons	In this the Signals are in the form of electromagnetic waves
examples include are twisted pair wires, coaxial cables, optical fiber cables.	examples microwave or radio links and infrared light.
This is also known as wired communication or bounded transmission media	This is also known as wireless communication or unbounded transmission media

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