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Microbiology: What are prions and how do they cause diseases? Explain.

Microbiology:

What are prions and how do they cause diseases? Explain.

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Prions are proteinaceous infectious particles .prions are misfolded proteins with the ability to change their shape into normal protein and composed of single protein PrP ,Disease causing form with beta sheets .

They act as pathogens by causing several fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) .These are known as prion diseaes.They cause neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals like mad cow diseases,scrapie,kuru and creutzfeld Jakob syndrome.

They don't have nucleic acids and are resistant to disinfectants,UV light.prions are destroyed by incineration or autoclaving in concentrated sodium hydroxide.

Prions cause brain damage by clumping in the brain ,damage or destroy the neurons,creating microscopic sponge like holes and fail to induce inflammatory response.

This abnormal accumulation in the brain cause memory impairment , impairment in brain function,difficulty in coordinating movement, personality and behavioral changes.

Prions are transmitted by ingestion or contact of mucous membranes with infected tissues.

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