Question

Use of Least Significant Bit (LSB) in the following standards. (Alteast 3 standards)

· USA National standardization organization
· 800 special publication
· International standardization organization
· Industrial standardization organization (ieee , ica)
· Advanced encryption organization
· National Institute of Standards and Technology

Answer 1

1)800 special publication

Bit string :- An ordered sequence of 0 and 1 bits. In this Recommendation, the leftmost bit is the most significant bit of the string. The rightmost bit is the least significant bit of the string.

2)Advanced encryption organization

Use of Least Significant Bit (LSB) are very helpful while performing Data Encryption Standard (DES),

Advanced Encryption Standard(AES),TDES and several encryption algorithms.

3)National Institute of Standards and Technology

   National Institute of Standards and Technology. dependent on every bit in a word, and just not the least significant few bits . the LSB bits are helpful in block ciphers.(i.e,for cipher text conversion).

Answer 2

The Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique is commonly used in various standards and organizations for different purposes. Here are three examples of its usage:

1. USA National Standardization Organization (ANSI): ANSI has adopted the LSB technique in various standards related to data encoding and image compression. For example, the ANSI/AAMI EC13 standard for waveform data formats in medical devices uses LSB encoding to represent waveforms with high precision and minimal loss of information.

2. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): NIST, a division of the U.S. Department of Commerce, utilizes the LSB technique in the field of steganography and digital watermarking. In NIST Special Publication 800-90B, "Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation," the LSB method is discussed as a way to embed secret information or watermark data within digital files.

3. International Organization for Standardization (ISO): ISO has several standards that involve LSB techniques, particularly in the field of audio and video coding. For instance, ISO/IEC 11172-3 and ISO/IEC 13818-3 are standards for MPEG audio coding, where LSB-based techniques are employed to encode audio signals efficiently while maintaining acceptable audio quality.

It's worth noting that while these organizations and standards may employ the LSB technique, the specific details and applications may vary within each standard or organization.