What is NAD (NAD+) and NADH? Describe them as if you were a chemist. Why is...
What is NAD (NAD+) and NADH? Describe them as if you were a chemist. Why is NAD needed by all cells no matter what type of metabolism they use?
Homework Answers
Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide
This oxidized form is NAD + .
this reduced form is NADH.
This is the co enzyme that is obtained from vitamin B3 Niacin or also called as nicotinic acid .
The structure of the NADH is made up of two ribose 5 phosphate units in that one ribose is attached to nicotinamide and another ribose attached to adenine base this two ribose units are bonded by phospate groups of ribose units and from the stable structure.
Uses
These are mainly involved in the process of redox reactions such that they help in accepting and donating the electrons,so they are involved in all types of metabolism .
NAD+ get reduced by accepting electrons and form NADH that is used in electron transport chain to from ATP molecules it is the major function .
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What is NAD (NAD+) and NADH? Describe them as if you were a
chemist. Why is...
5. Describe how the cytoplasmic [NAD+ ]/[NADH] ratio can represent the metabolic state of a cell?...
5. Describe how the cytoplasmic [NAD+ ]/[NADH] ratio can represent the metabolic state of a cell? Would you expect to see an increased or decreased [NAD+ ]/[NADH] ratio in vigorously exercised muscles? Explain. (5 points)
G3P - NAD+ NADH + H+ NADH + H+ 1,3 BPG The reaction shown above is...
G3P - NAD+ NADH + H+ NADH + H+ 1,3 BPG The reaction shown above is catalyzed by the enzyme G3P dehydrogenase and is part of the process used to produce ethanol from cellulose in the bacteria C. bescii. In this reaction glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P) is conversted to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG). Explain how the cell uses genetic information to make G3P Dehydrogenase. Your explanaion must include: • Names the 3 key macromolecules involved in the process and what...
What happens to the [ADP] / [ATP] and [NAD+] / [NADH] ratios in red blood cells...
What happens to the [ADP] / [ATP] and [NAD+] / [NADH] ratios in red blood cells with a pyruvate kinase deficiency?
What effect does Cyanide have on NAD+ and NADH production in Complex IV of the Electron...
What effect does Cyanide have on NAD+ and NADH production in Complex IV of the Electron Transport Chain? Why would cyanide cause High NADH concentrations and low NAD+ concentrations?
Suppose NAD+ is unavailable because NADH cannot be oxidized due to a mutation in the NADH...
Suppose NAD+ is unavailable because NADH cannot be oxidized due to a mutation in the NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I). If FAD could substitute for all NAD+, how would this affect the total ATP produced by the complete oxidation of glucose? How would it affect the total ATP produced by the complete oxidation of a 20C fatty acid? (Give specific numbers and show how you reached this number.) Based on what you know about redox potentials, would this be possible?
If you have high NADH/NAD ratio, which pathway is expected to be reduced/blocked most? Explain with...
If you have high NADH/NAD ratio, which pathway is expected to be reduced/blocked most? Explain with reasons A. Glycolysis B. Gluconeogenesis C. TCA cycle D. all of the above E. none of the above
The reaction pyruvate + CoA + NAD + rightarrow acetyl CoA + Co2 + NADH, is...
The reaction pyruvate + CoA + NAD + rightarrow acetyl CoA + Co2 + NADH, is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. If an inhibitor of this enzyme was added to cells, then ___ levels in the cytoplasm would increase. A. Oxygen B. NADH C. Pyruvate D. Acetyl CoA E. CO2 Which of the following types cells is matched with the WRONG stem cell category? A. embryonic of stem cells: pluripotent B. embryonic germ cells: pluripotent C. hematopoietic stem cells: multipotent D....
What reactions demonstrate reduction? Select all that apply FAD+ + 2H + 2e-→FADH2 O2→O2- Fe+2→Fe+3 NADH→NAD+...
What reactions demonstrate reduction? Select all that apply FAD+ + 2H + 2e-→FADH2 O2→O2- Fe+2→Fe+3 NADH→NAD+ + e- + H
For questions 8 and 9, use the following reaction scheme which is part of the B-oxidation...
For questions 8 and 9, use the following reaction scheme which is part of the B-oxidation of a fatty acid. FAD FADH Compound 2 CoA Reaction A Compound 1 HO Reaction B OH NADH H NAD CoA Compound 4 Reaction C Compound 3 (9 pts) For each reaction A, B and C, shown above, correctly name the type of transformation that occurs during each of the 3 reactions, ie.: name the reaction that is occurring going from compound 1 to...
Question 2 3 pts During oxidative phosphorylation, what gets oxidized? NADH FADH2 NAD+ FAD CO2 H20...
Question 2 3 pts During oxidative phosphorylation, what gets oxidized? NADH FADH2 NAD+ FAD CO2 H20 protein complexes in the ETC 02 Question 3 1 pts Where would you find the ETC in a prokaryote? embedded in the plasma membrane embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane in the mitochondrial matrix in the intermembrane space
G3P - NAD+ NADH + H+ NADH + H+ 1,3 BPG The reaction shown above is catalyzed by the enzyme G3P dehydrogenase and is part of the process used to produce ethanol from cellulose in the bacteria C. bescii. In this reaction glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P) is conversted to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG). Explain how the cell uses genetic information to make G3P Dehydrogenase. Your explanaion must include: • Names the 3 key macromolecules involved in the process and what...
The reaction pyruvate + CoA + NAD + rightarrow acetyl CoA + Co2 + NADH, is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. If an inhibitor of this enzyme was added to cells, then ___ levels in the cytoplasm would increase. A. Oxygen B. NADH C. Pyruvate D. Acetyl CoA E. CO2 Which of the following types cells is matched with the WRONG stem cell category? A. embryonic of stem cells: pluripotent B. embryonic germ cells: pluripotent C. hematopoietic stem cells: multipotent D....
For questions 8 and 9, use the following reaction scheme which is part of the B-oxidation of a fatty acid. FAD FADH Compound 2 CoA Reaction A Compound 1 HO Reaction B OH NADH H NAD CoA Compound 4 Reaction C Compound 3 (9 pts) For each reaction A, B and C, shown above, correctly name the type of transformation that occurs during each of the 3 reactions, ie.: name the reaction that is occurring going from compound 1 to...
Question 2 3 pts During oxidative phosphorylation, what gets oxidized? NADH FADH2 NAD+ FAD CO2 H20 protein complexes in the ETC 02 Question 3 1 pts Where would you find the ETC in a prokaryote? embedded in the plasma membrane embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane in the mitochondrial matrix in the intermembrane space
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