Question

Question 11.

1. Compare transcription and translation in eukaryotes in terms of a cellular and temporal locations, names of the initiation and termination points, enzymes involved, and final products. Be as specific as you can.

Answer 1

Prokaryotic translation	Eukaryotic translation
The process of translation can be coupled with transcription called as co transcriptional translation	both of them occur in different location so cannot be coupled
70s type of ribosomes are involved	80s type of ribosomes are involved
The Messenger RNA is formed in the cytoplasm only by transcription	the Messenger RNA is formed in nucleus and is transported into the cytoplasm for translation
The Messenger RNA are very unstable and live for very few seconds to minutes	messenger RNA live for few hours to days
Translation takes place by free ribosomes present in cytoplasm	translation take place by free ribosomes and ribosomes bound to endoplasmic reticulum
Can occur any time during the life cycle of the cell	occurs during the gap 1 and gap 2 phase of interphase
Faster process	slower process
Cap independent initiation because messenger RNA do not have cap	cap Independent and dependent initiation because messenger RNA have a cap
Initiation factors are, IF1, IF2, IF3	eIF 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 5, 6
Only single release factor is there, eRF1	RF1, 2

Prokaryotic transcription	Eukaryotic transcription
Occurs in cytoplasm of cell	takes place in nucleus of a cell
Can be coupled with translation	cannot be coupled to translation
A mature messenger RNA is directly formed from template DNA	premature messenger RNA is formed after transcription which undergoes RNA processing to form mature messenger RNA
RNA polymerase consists of five subunits	RNA polymerase consists of 10 to 17 subunits
RNA polymerase with Sigma factor bind to promoter without any transcription factors	RNA polymerase first binds to transcription factors and then the complex bind to promoter

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