Question

case study:

In a study conducted by Harari, Harari, and White (1985), male participants walking alone or in groups were exposed to a simulated rape. As participants walked along a path to a parking lot, a male and a female confederate acted out a simulated rape. The man grabbed the woman around the waist, put his hand over her mouth, and dragged her into some bushes. The woman screamed for help. Researchers stationed at various points recorded the number of participants who offered help (walking towards the scene to help) or not offering help (by walking away from the scene on another path). Prior to reaching the scene, researchers stopped participants and told them the true purpose of the study. The results showed that 85% of the participants walking in groups offered help to the victim, whereas 65% of the participants walking alone offered help. Support was found for the idea that individuals in groups are as likely, if not more likely, to help when the victim is clearly in need of help.

The study includes ethical issues to be concerned. After reading the study, answer the questions below.

1. Identify whether the research is making a frequency claim, an association claim, or a causal claim

Answer 1

After completion of experiments researchers draws conclusions. Those conclusions are called as claims. There are 3 types of claims are there.

Frequency claim: We submit our findings in experiment in the form of percentage,particular rate,level about single variable.

Example: 10% of Americans suffering from schizophrenia.

Association claim: We submit our findings in experiment in the form of relation between both independent variable and dependent variable. Generally we use correlation coefficient in association claims.

Example: Literacy and poverty has .80 negative correlation coefficient.

Causal claim: We submit our findings in experiment in the form of casual relationship in between variables.

Example: Smoking causes cancer, Cholesterol causes heart attack etc.,

In our research study:

In our research study given claim is frequency claim because that is announced in the form of percentage about single variable.

Frequency Claim: 85% of the participants walking in groups offered help to the victim, whereas 65% of the participants walking alone offered help.

That is not dealing about correlation coefficient and casual relation. That is dealing about percentage only that's why our claim is frequency claim.