Question

12. What is the hybridization of the central atom in each of the following?

(a) BeH₂

(b) SF₆

(c) PO₄^3-

(d) PCl₅

16. Two important industrial chemicals, ethene, C2H4, and propene, C3H6, are produced by the steam (or thermal) cracking process:

2C3 H8(g) ⟶ C2 H4(g) + C3 H6(g) + CH4(g) + H2(g)

For each of the four carbon compounds, do the following:

a) Draw a Lewis structure.

b) Predict the geometry about the carbon atom.

c) Determine the hybridization of each type of carbon atom.

24. For the carbonate ion, CO₃^2- draw all of the resonance structures. Identify which orbitals overlap to create each bond.

Answer 1

12

ans 1. BeH2: since it is a linear molecule so sp hybridisation.

SF6: SF₆ molecule has octahedral structure. so it hybridised to form six sp³d²hybrid orbitals.

PO4 3-: Hybridization of Phosphorus = sp3. Hybridization of oxygen is sp3 and sp2. The double bonded oxygen is sp2 and single bonded sp3

PCl5: The mixing of one s ,three p and one d-atomic orbitals to form five sp3d hybrid orbitals

16:

24:

Carbon is SP2 hybridised in carbonate ion.

Carbon forms one double bond with one oxygen and two single bonds with two O- ions. So carbon is involved in 3 sigma bonds and one Pi bond. So carbon is SP2 hybridised