Describe how cell cycle control is related to cancer. Include a description of the G1 checkpoint...
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Describe how cell cycle control is related to cancer. Include a
description of the G1 checkpoint...
1. Damaged DNA is discovered during the G1 checkpoint. How does p53 react, and what are...
1. Damaged DNA is discovered during the G1 checkpoint. How does p53 react, and what are the possible results? 2. If S phase checkpoints detect nucleotides deficit, what happens to the dividing cell and the cell cycle? 3. What three conditions may be detected during the G2 checkpoints, and what are the two possible results if there is inadequate DNA or spindle fibers? 4. What two conditions are checked during the metaphase checkpoint? What happens if the cell “passes” the...
Checkpoint proteins at the G, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle monitor whether crucial...
Checkpoint proteins at the G, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle monitor whether crucial cellular process have been completed correctly and the cell cycle can proceed. A mutation in a checkpoint protein can lead to cancer by resulting in the checkpoint protein not functioning properly. Which of the following could be a result of the improper functioning of a checkpoint protein in a cancer cell? O Cell division stops. O The cell reverts to interphase. O There is...
A. Explain how CDK activation in G1 leads to commitment to the cell cycle (the “restriction...
A. Explain how CDK activation in G1 leads to commitment to the cell cycle (the “restriction point” aka “R” in vertebrates aka START in yeast). Be sure to include G1-cyclin/CDK, Rb and E2F in your explanation. Include as much mechanistic explanation as possible. B. List two specific sequences/structures found in the DNA/chromosome, and their functions, that act to ensure that the number and morphology of chromosomes are constant from one generation of the cell to the next. Explain.
What is the major machinery that decides whether a cell progresses through the G1 checkpoint, and...
What is the major machinery that decides whether a cell progresses through the G1 checkpoint, and how dos theis machinery implement these decisions?
In a eukaryotic cell, the hydrophilic ligand CUE binds the enzyme-linked receptor CUE receptor. Describe a...
In a eukaryotic cell, the hydrophilic ligand CUE binds the enzyme-linked receptor CUE receptor. Describe a hypothetical but realistic signal transduction cascade, that eventually leads to the transcription of the GRAD gene. The GRAD protein is secreted by the cell. Describe the critical steps in gene transcription, RNA processing and in translation, and which structures and organelles are involved. A detailed description of transcription and translation, and all proteins involved, is NOT expected, but a description of the main steps...
In a eukaryotic cell, the hydrophilic ligand CUE binds the enzyme-linked receptor CUE receptor. Describe a...
In a eukaryotic cell, the hydrophilic ligand CUE binds the enzyme-linked receptor CUE receptor. Describe a hypothetical but realistic signal transduction cascade, that eventually leads to the transcription of the GRAD gene. The GRAD protein is secreted by the cell. Describe the critical steps in gene transcription, RNA processing and in translation, and which structures and organelles are involved. A detailed description of transcription and translation, and all proteins involved, is NOT expected, but a description of the main steps...
a) Describe the VEGFR signal transduction pathway. What is a RTK? How does it transmit an...
a) Describe the VEGFR signal transduction pathway. What is a RTK? How does it transmit an external signal to the interior of the cell? What is the response of the cell? b) How can signal transduction pathways can be used to explore and develop possible new drugs for breast cancer treatment?
Cancer and Gene Regulation Why is a cell cycle control system needed for cell division? What...
Cancer and Gene Regulation Why is a cell cycle control system needed for cell division? What happens when cells do NOT respond to the cell cycle control system and divide excessively? Tumor Proto-oncogeno (for protein that stimulates coll division) 6 Y DNA Benign Tumor= Mutation withln a control region of DNA Malignant Tumor Mutated promoter Metastasis Normal growth-stimulating protein in excess Oncogene Tumor-Suppressor Genes Proto-oncogene utled tara gese Samor-auppresr gane Many proto-oncogenes code for growth factors /Deletive nonimenig Normel grewt...
Cancer cells often lack normal DNA damage response and cell-cycle control mechanisms. Why does this make...
Cancer cells often lack normal DNA damage response and cell-cycle control mechanisms. Why does this make them more susceptible to DNA-damaging chemotherapies? O Cancer cells will arrest in the cycle and will not grow further O Cancer cells with activating mutations in Ras will amplify the damage through the Ras signaling pathway Cancer cells might ignore the normal mechanisms that halt the cell cycle in response to damage, and subsequent division with damage leads to death, O Cancer cells have...
Cell & Molecuar Biology: Cell-Division Cycle What signals feed into the G1-to-S transition? Name one controller...
Cell & Molecuar Biology: Cell-Division Cycle What signals feed into the G1-to-S transition? Name one controller for this transition. Describe one target of this controller and how the controller regulates that target. (Please be specific)
Checkpoint proteins at the G, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle monitor whether crucial cellular process have been completed correctly and the cell cycle can proceed. A mutation in a checkpoint protein can lead to cancer by resulting in the checkpoint protein not functioning properly. Which of the following could be a result of the improper functioning of a checkpoint protein in a cancer cell? O Cell division stops. O The cell reverts to interphase. O There is...
Cancer and Gene Regulation Why is a cell cycle control system needed for cell division? What happens when cells do NOT respond to the cell cycle control system and divide excessively? Tumor Proto-oncogeno (for protein that stimulates coll division) 6 Y DNA Benign Tumor= Mutation withln a control region of DNA Malignant Tumor Mutated promoter Metastasis Normal growth-stimulating protein in excess Oncogene Tumor-Suppressor Genes Proto-oncogene utled tara gese Samor-auppresr gane Many proto-oncogenes code for growth factors /Deletive nonimenig Normel grewt...
Cancer cells often lack normal DNA damage response and cell-cycle control mechanisms. Why does this make them more susceptible to DNA-damaging chemotherapies? O Cancer cells will arrest in the cycle and will not grow further O Cancer cells with activating mutations in Ras will amplify the damage through the Ras signaling pathway Cancer cells might ignore the normal mechanisms that halt the cell cycle in response to damage, and subsequent division with damage leads to death, O Cancer cells have...
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