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1. What type of infection is herd immunity most effective against? Least effective against? Provide an...

1. What type of infection is herd immunity most effective against? Least effective against? Provide an example of each.


2. How do the physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes, lungs, GI tract) prevent infection? What are chemical barriers to infection?

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Answer #1

1. Herd immunity is the immunity which is provided to the population by vaccination to prevent the transmission of infectious agents from one person to other. Herd immunity is most effective against contagious diseases like measles, polio, meningitis. Contagious diseases spread from one person to another through direct contact or by air.

Herd immunity is least effective against non-contagious diseases like tetanus.

2. Physical barriers prevent infection through alkaline (mucous membrane) and acidic secretions (GI tract), through presence of cilia (respiratory tract) which propels the infectious agents out of the body and also trap through mucus. Skin has low moisture content which prevent growth of bacteria.

Chemical barriers to infection are presence of acidic juices in GI tract, saliva and tears has lysozyme which is bactericidal.

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