Question

Identify the organs of the urinary system and any organs that are different between male and female.

Identify the basic function of each organ.

Explain the tissues of that organ and how they pertain to the process of propelling urine through the system.

Answer 1

What is Urinary system ?

The urinary system consists of kidneys,ureters,bladder and rethra. This is the systen which is responsible for urine production by eliminating the waste via filtration in the body.

Organs of Urinary system -

KIDNEYS -

• There are two kidneys in the human body,each one situated against the posterior abdominal wall and are retroperitoneal.Position of the left kidney extends from about T12 to L3 and the right kidney is positioned slightly lower on the abdominal wall because of the position of the liver.
• They are bean shaped and brown in color.
• It is roughly 10 cm long and 5 cm wide and covered by a fibrous capsule which is known as renal capsule.
• The kidneys have outer cortex and inner medulla. The medulla has numerous medullary pyramids which has coiled tubules known as Nephrons.
• Nephron is the function unit of urinary system.
• The basic functions include regulating pH balance,maintaing fluid level in the body, producing erythropoitein hormone, eliminating toxics via filtration and controlling the blood pressure.

URETERS -

• These are tube like structures .
• There are two ureters, one attached to each kidney.
• The upper half of the ureter is located in the abdomen and the lower half is located in the pelvic area.
• The ureter is about 10 to 12 inches long,in adults.
• The function of uretor is to carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

URINARY BLADDER-

• The urinary bladder is a muscular sac in the pelvic region, just above and behind the pubic bone.
• The size and shape ofthe bladder is like a pear, when it is empty
• The function is to store urine,allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled.

URETHRA -

• It is the tube that opens to excrete the urine.
• It is different in males and females.
• In males,it is long and in females it is short
• In males the length is 18 to 20 cm,in females about 4 cms
• In males the course is curved whereas in females it is almost straight
• In males,it functions for urination and sperm ejaculation and in females it is responsible for only urination.