Question

1. Explain why some heterotrophs can be described as both a primary consumer and a secondary consumer. What are these heterotrophs called?
2. Are fungi autotrophs or heterotrophs? If fungi are heterotrophs, are they primary consumers, secondary consumers, or both? Explain your answer.
3. What about a vegetarian diet results in a lower environmental impact in comparison to a high meat diet?
4. Why do fish use 6 - 8% more energy to collect oxygen from their environment compared to humans?
5. In what regions of a lake would you expect to see the highest dissolved oxygen concentrations? The lowest?

Answer 1

Answer:

1):

• Consumers are those organisms which depend on other organisms for food and cannot synthesize on their own.
• These are classified as primary if they are herbivores and consume the producers (autotrophs) and secondary if they are carnivores and consume the primary consumers.
• For example: If a food chain consists of Grass, Deer and Lion. Deer consumes grass, so it is primary consumer, Lion consumes deer so it is secondary consumer.

3):

• The meat production and processing industry has an increased requirement for water use and is also polluting the environment by using improper ways of disposal of waste.
• E.g. the waste from pigs is reducing the air quality of the surrounding region and even causing respiratory diseases in parts of the world.
• The sheer fact that demand and supply phenomenon makes this industry mass breed and harvest animals without understanding its impact on the food resources and also ignoring the hygiene and inhumane killing of these animals, makes this an even more crucial problem in our times.
• Thus by shifting to a vegetarian meal or simple not consuming meat twice or thrice a week can make a huge difference to the way the industry operates.

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