Question

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1.) Steroid hormones trigger transcription of target genes by...

      a. activating the release of Ca⁺² ions that bind to and activate transcription factors.

      b. activating a kinase cascade that results in the activation of a transcription factor for a set of genes.

      c. binding directly to DNA and stimulating transcription.

      d. binding to nuclear receptors that act as transcription factors for specific genes.

2.) Which type of cell-surface receptor(s), when activated, catalyze(s) a reaction inside the cell?

      a. enzyme-coupled receptors AND G-protein-coupled receptors

      b. ion-channel-coupled receptors

      c. enzyme-coupled receptors

      d. G-protein-coupled receptors

3.) Which of the following describes negative feedback regulation?

     a. A component late in the pathway inhibits an enzyme early in the pathway.

     b. A component acts to further activate the signaling pathway and enhance the cell’s response.

     c. A component generates an all-or-none, switch-like mechanism.

     d. A component amplifies the signal for a more robust response.

Answer 1

1c. Steroid hormones directly bind to the DNA and stimulate transcription of target genes.

2.G-protein coupled receptors when activated catalyzes a reaction inside the cell

3. A component late in the pathway inhibits an enzyme early is an example of negative feedback regulation