1. Why is the Electron Affinity of chlorine more favorable (that is, more negative) than fluorine?...
1. Why is the Electron Affinity of chlorine more favorable (that is, more negative) than fluorine? This is surprising as fluorine is the most electronegative element.
2. The second Electron Affinity for oxygen is positive and very large, meaning it is unfavorable. But the most common ion of oxygen is oxide, O2−. How can you explain this, aside from using the octet rule?
3. Ammonia (NH3) has a greater dipole moment than nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). This means that ammonia is the more polar molecule even though the N−F bond is more polar than the N−H bond. Explain.
4. Four elements are named after the same town. What are the names of these elements (spelling must be correct!), and the name of the town?
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1. Why is the Electron Affinity of chlorine more favorable (that
is, more negative) than fluorine?...
Trends Review and Applications Name Period 1.) Calculate the Z-n of the elements fluorine and chlorine. Why do you...
Trends Review and Applications Name Period 1.) Calculate the Z-n of the elements fluorine and chlorine. Why do you notice about each of the elements 2? Why does this make sense in terms of their electron configuratioms 2.) Explain with as much detail possible why it requires more energy to remove the first valence electron from oxygen than from carbon. 3.) Explain with as much detail possible why it requires more energy to remove the first valence electron from magnesium...
In a covalent bond between two atoms, the more electronegative atom will attract more electron density...
In a covalent bond between two atoms, the more electronegative atom will attract more electron density toward itself, producing a polar bond. The more electronegative element will carry a partial negative charge, whereas the less electronegative element will carry a partial positive charge. The direction of the bond dipole is always toward the more electronegative element. This is often indicated by an arrow, as shown in the figure. The magnitude of the bond polarity can be estimated by using the...
Answer true or false. 1. Atoms that lose electrons to achieve a filled valence shell become...
Answer true or false. 1. Atoms that lose electrons to achieve a filled valence shell become cations and form ionic bonds with anions. 2. Ionic bonds tend to form between elements on the left side of the Periodic Table, and covalent bonds tend to form between elements on the right side of the Periodic Table. 3. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's attraction for the electrons it shares in a chemical bond with another atom. 4. Fluorine, in the...
1. The molecules PF5 and AsF5 exist, but the analogous molecule NF5 does not. Why not?...
1. The molecules PF5 and AsF5 exist, but the analogous molecule NF5 does not. Why not? 2. For the molecule N2O there are five unique Lewis structures that satisfy the octet rule. Three have the N-N-O bond skeleton and two would have the N-O-N skeleton. a) Draw the five UNIQUE Lewis structures. b) By considering the formal charges, can you suggest which structures could be eliminated due to low stability (i.e. have like charges next to each other). c) Which...
A covalent bond is a bond in which electrons are shared between atoms of elements
A covalent bond is a
bond in which electrons are shared between atoms of elements. A
covalent bond can be polar or nonpolar. In a nonpolar covalent
bond, the bond is between two identical atoms and the electrons are
evenly shared between the atoms.In contrast, in a
polar covalent bond, the bond is between two nonidentical atoms and
the electrons are unevenly shared between the atoms. The uneven
sharing of electrons takes place because of the difference in the
electronegativity...
8. Select the true statement. a. Atomic radius increases going from left to right across a...
8. Select the true statement. a. Atomic radius increases going from left to right across a period. b. The p electrons in fluorine are more poorly shielded from the nuclear charge than the p electrons in carbon. c. Cations are larger than their corresponding neutral atoms. d. Anions are smaller than their corresponding neutral atoms. e. Ionic radius generally decreases down a group. 9. (ACS question) Which of these elements has the highest first ionization energy? a. Ne b. F...
1. (0.5 pt) Why do you think there are no electronegativity values for the noble gases?...
1. (0.5 pt) Why do you think there are no electronegativity values for the noble gases? 2. (0.5 pt) What are the three most electronegative atoms on the periodic table? 3. (1 pt) What type of bond (covalent or ionic) would you expect to form between an atom with a very high electronegativity and an atom of very low electronegativity (maximum difference in electronegativity between atoms)? Explain and give an example. 4. (1 pt) The Periodic table below shows the...
with others? Oil and water don't mix Gasoline and water also do not mix. However, gasoline...
with others? Oil and water don't mix Gasoline and water also do not mix. However, gasoline and oil do mix. To understand solubility we must look at two important characteristics: geometry and bond polarity (ionic. nonpolar and polar). From these two characteristics the overall molecular polarity can be determined. The statement "like dissolves like" provides a good basis for understanding solubility. A substance with similar characteristics will mix with another substance with similar characteristics. This can be summarized as polar...
1. Why do fats provide more energy per molecule than glucose? Explain your answer in terms...
1. Why do fats provide more energy per molecule than glucose? Explain your answer in terms of the electrons extracted during the process of cellular respiration. 2. A rare, frameshift genetic mutation can alter the structure of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex such that it no longer functions within the cell. Describe what parts of the process of cellular respiration would be impacted due to this non- functional enzyme. 3. The citric acid cycle functions to completely oxidize glucose in the...
Ionic & Covalent Virtual Lab Pre-Virtual Lab Questions: Answer these before going to the website to...
Ionic & Covalent Virtual Lab Pre-Virtual Lab Questions: Answer these before going to the website to begin the virtual lab. 1. Where are metal atoms located on the periodic table? Where are non metal atoms located on the periodic table? 2. What subatomic particles) participate in chemical bonding? 3. In your own words, define valence electrons. 4. How can you determine the number of valence electrons in an atom using the periodic table? 5. Draw a Lewis Dot Structure for...
Trends Review and Applications Name Period 1.) Calculate the Z-n of the elements fluorine and chlorine. Why do you notice about each of the elements 2? Why does this make sense in terms of their electron configuratioms 2.) Explain with as much detail possible why it requires more energy to remove the first valence electron from oxygen than from carbon. 3.) Explain with as much detail possible why it requires more energy to remove the first valence electron from magnesium...
In a covalent bond between two atoms, the more electronegative atom will attract more electron density toward itself, producing a polar bond. The more electronegative element will carry a partial negative charge, whereas the less electronegative element will carry a partial positive charge. The direction of the bond dipole is always toward the more electronegative element. This is often indicated by an arrow, as shown in the figure. The magnitude of the bond polarity can be estimated by using the...
A covalent bond is a
bond in which electrons are shared between atoms of elements. A
covalent bond can be polar or nonpolar. In a nonpolar covalent
bond, the bond is between two identical atoms and the electrons are
evenly shared between the atoms.In contrast, in a
polar covalent bond, the bond is between two nonidentical atoms and
the electrons are unevenly shared between the atoms. The uneven
sharing of electrons takes place because of the difference in the
electronegativity...
8. Select the true statement. a. Atomic radius increases going from left to right across a period. b. The p electrons in fluorine are more poorly shielded from the nuclear charge than the p electrons in carbon. c. Cations are larger than their corresponding neutral atoms. d. Anions are smaller than their corresponding neutral atoms. e. Ionic radius generally decreases down a group. 9. (ACS question) Which of these elements has the highest first ionization energy? a. Ne b. F...
1. (0.5 pt) Why do you think there are no electronegativity values for the noble gases? 2. (0.5 pt) What are the three most electronegative atoms on the periodic table? 3. (1 pt) What type of bond (covalent or ionic) would you expect to form between an atom with a very high electronegativity and an atom of very low electronegativity (maximum difference in electronegativity between atoms)? Explain and give an example. 4. (1 pt) The Periodic table below shows the...
with others? Oil and water don't mix Gasoline and water also do not mix. However, gasoline and oil do mix. To understand solubility we must look at two important characteristics: geometry and bond polarity (ionic. nonpolar and polar). From these two characteristics the overall molecular polarity can be determined. The statement "like dissolves like" provides a good basis for understanding solubility. A substance with similar characteristics will mix with another substance with similar characteristics. This can be summarized as polar...
1. Why do fats provide more energy per molecule than glucose? Explain your answer in terms of the electrons extracted during the process of cellular respiration. 2. A rare, frameshift genetic mutation can alter the structure of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex such that it no longer functions within the cell. Describe what parts of the process of cellular respiration would be impacted due to this non- functional enzyme. 3. The citric acid cycle functions to completely oxidize glucose in the...
Ionic & Covalent Virtual Lab Pre-Virtual Lab Questions: Answer these before going to the website to begin the virtual lab. 1. Where are metal atoms located on the periodic table? Where are non metal atoms located on the periodic table? 2. What subatomic particles) participate in chemical bonding? 3. In your own words, define valence electrons. 4. How can you determine the number of valence electrons in an atom using the periodic table? 5. Draw a Lewis Dot Structure for...
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