Question

How are the activators and repressors different in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes for regulation of gene expression?

Answer 1

Activators and the Repressors are the proteins that help the specific genes either to turn on or to turn off.

The transcription factors that boost the transcription of the genes are called the activators of the gene expression. and the transcription factors that inhibit the transcription of the genes are called the repressors.

The binding sites of the DNA, where the activators bind are called the enhancers and the sites, where the repressors bind are called the silencers.

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that carries out the transcription. It binds the DNA at promoter site.

In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds the DNA at the right of the promoter. In eukaryotes RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter only with the help of basal transcription factors.

In bacteria, the activators or repressors bind the DNA and make it transcription started or stopped.

In Eukaryotic cells, there are many far away binding sites from promoter on DNA , which may be enhancers for activator proteins or silencers for repressor proteins.