Question

Name FOUR DIFFERENT method types of gene regulation found in eukaryotes that are not found in prokaryotes.

Answer 1

Prokaryotic gene regulation takes place at the level of transcription compared to that of eukaryotes which takes place at various levels namely transcription, post-transcription, translation, post translation, and epigenetics.

Firstly in the eukaryotes, the genetic material is coiled in the nucleus. For protein to get formed the stretch of genetic material must first unwind. This can be the first step in gene regulation in eukaryotes.

1)   EPIGENETICS: a gene can get activated or repressed depending on various modifications at the DNA level or the histone level. For example, H3K27ME3 is a repressor mark, H3K4ME3 is an active mark.

2) ENHANCERS: these are regions of DNA which can be KB apart from the region of the gene. enhancers can bind to promoter regions of the genes. and as the name suggests they enhance the level of transcription.

3) RNA splicing: once the RNA is made, it moves out into the cytoplasm for getting processed and translated. splicing ensures that a set of exon or introns are omitted or included. inturn regulating the gene expression.

4) POST TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION: once a protein is formed its modification state is responsible for the fate of the protein. for example, ubiquitination can lead to degradation  of the protein, phophorylation can lead to activation.