1. Interferons elicit two types of responses to virus-infected cells. What are these? 2. What are...
- 1. Interferons elicit two types of responses to virus-infected cells. What are these?
- 2. What are two ways that natural killer (NK) cells carry out their antiviral role?
Homework Answers
1. Interferons are the chemical substances released by the virus infected cells to alert the other neighbouring cells for antiviral state. They do this by either stimulating the cells to release enzymes that will function to stop tumor growth or they may limit the viral spread by activating p53 gene to make the virus infected cell to under go apoptosis.
2.two ways are
A. Cytolytic granule mediated cell apoptosis
B. Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
Add Answer to:
1. Interferons elicit two types of responses to virus-infected
cells. What are these?
2. What are...
Which one of the following are incorrectly paired? A. interferons – virus-infected cells B. immunoglobulins –...
Which one of the following are incorrectly paired? A. interferons – virus-infected cells B. immunoglobulins – B cells C. class I MHC molecule – CD4 D. perforins – cytotoxic T cells E. perforins - natural killer cells an explanation would be appreciated! thanks!
1. Which types of cells can produce memory cells? Select the TWO answers that are correct....
1. Which types of cells can produce memory cells? Select the TWO answers that are correct. B cells O cytotoxic T cells Oneutrophils macrophages O helper T cells 2. What must happen in order for a vaccine to confer immunity? Select the TWO answers that are correct. OThe vaccine should have the specific antibodies to the pathogen in it. O The vaccine should prompt the immune system to produce antibodies to the pathogen. O The vaccine will cause a mild...
EXPLAIN each of the following questions thorouhly. 1. What are the characteristics of NK (natural killer)...
EXPLAIN each of the following questions thorouhly.
1. What are the characteristics of NK (natural killer) cells and what role do they play in immunity? 2. Explain in detail, how antigenic specificity is determined in humoral immunity? 3. At the gene level beginning with germ line DNA, explain how mature (functional) mRNA for the heavy chain polypeptide of an immunoglobulin arises in B lymphocytes. 4. Compare and contrast the various molecular pattern recognition receptors found in innate immunity leukocytes.
1.) Once in the respiratory tract, the flu virus targets cells based on specific glycoproteins on...
1.) Once in the respiratory tract, the flu virus targets cells based on specific glycoproteins on their surfaces. How does the virus gain entry into the target cell? Multiple Choice a.)Glycoproteins within the virus structure bind with glycoproteins on the membrane of the target cell and the virus squeezes through the glycoprotein into the cell. b.)Viruses are made up of lipids and can therefore diffuse through the membrane of target cells, gaining entry. c.)The H spikes of the influenza virus...
PROJECT Modeling the Dynamics of Viral Infections A patient is infected with a virus that triples...
PROJECT Modeling the Dynamics of Viral Infections A patient is infected with a virus that triples its numbers every hour. The immune system eventually kicks in and reduces the replication rate by a factor of in addition to kill ing 500,000 virus particles per hour, but this doesn't happen until the viral load reaches two million copies. To combat the infection, the infected person receives hourly doses of an antiviral drug. This drug further reduces the replication rate, to a...
1. Use the following figure and information to answer the question(s) below. 100,000 Virus A -...
1. Use the following figure and information to answer the question(s) below. 100,000 Virus A - Virus B Number Viruses 10,000 - per millilter of culture 1000 - ---- 30 60 120 Time After Infection in minutes) Cells were infected with approximately 1000 copies of either virus A or virus B at the O time point. At five-minute intervals, a sample of the virus and cell mixture was removed. The intact cells were removed from the sample, and the number...
Thank you angels its an example problem 4.2 Binomial distribution The genome of the HIV-1 virus,...
Thank you angels its an example problem
4.2 Binomial distribution The genome of the HIV-1 virus, like any genome, is a string of "letters" (basepai an "alphabet"containing only four letters. The message for HIV is rather rs) in short, just 101 letters in all. Because any of the letters can mutat choices, there's a total of 30 000 possible distinct one-letter mutations. e to any of the three other In 1995, A. Perelson and D. Ho found that every day...
Question 1: B cells secrete these types of immunoglobulin antibodies. Choose all correct. 1. IgD 2....
Question 1: B cells secrete these types of immunoglobulin antibodies. Choose all correct. 1. IgD 2. IgL 3. IgG 4. IgM 5. IgA 6. IgE True or False Questions 2. T cells expressing CD8 protein on their surface are called cytotoxic T cells and function in the killing the infected APC cell. 3. Antigen presentation on the cell surface is a way to tell the immune system that they are infected and the presented molecule tells T cells what they...
would occur during a viral infection. (8 pts) gh 8, with 1 being the first and...
would occur during a viral infection. (8 pts) gh 8, with 1 being the first and 8 being the last) as they IFNAR1/2 is bound by ligand NK cell identifies the cell as healthy and does not kill it Type I interferon-stimulated genes are induced Type 1 Interferons all are secreted by virally-infected cells I protein expression on the plasma membrane becomes elevated STAT proteins are phosphorylated NK cell inhibitory receptor-mediated signaling increases JAK and Tyk2 are activated 3. Briefly...
1.All types of inflammatory responses are mediated by the same cell types. Please explain the basic...
1.All types of inflammatory responses are mediated by the same cell types. Please explain the basic differences between the serous, fibrinous, purulent, acute, chronic and granulomatous types of inflammation including, what activates them, the types of immune cells involved, the final biological outcome and how can they respond to medications. 2.Also give one example of each of the pathological responses involving inflammation and allergies 3. Explain basic differences between allergic and inflammatory responses.
1. Which types of cells can produce memory cells? Select the TWO answers that are correct. B cells O cytotoxic T cells Oneutrophils macrophages O helper T cells 2. What must happen in order for a vaccine to confer immunity? Select the TWO answers that are correct. OThe vaccine should have the specific antibodies to the pathogen in it. O The vaccine should prompt the immune system to produce antibodies to the pathogen. O The vaccine will cause a mild...
EXPLAIN each of the following questions thorouhly.
1. What are the characteristics of NK (natural killer) cells and what role do they play in immunity? 2. Explain in detail, how antigenic specificity is determined in humoral immunity? 3. At the gene level beginning with germ line DNA, explain how mature (functional) mRNA for the heavy chain polypeptide of an immunoglobulin arises in B lymphocytes. 4. Compare and contrast the various molecular pattern recognition receptors found in innate immunity leukocytes.
PROJECT Modeling the Dynamics of Viral Infections A patient is infected with a virus that triples its numbers every hour. The immune system eventually kicks in and reduces the replication rate by a factor of in addition to kill ing 500,000 virus particles per hour, but this doesn't happen until the viral load reaches two million copies. To combat the infection, the infected person receives hourly doses of an antiviral drug. This drug further reduces the replication rate, to a...
1. Use the following figure and information to answer the question(s) below. 100,000 Virus A - Virus B Number Viruses 10,000 - per millilter of culture 1000 - ---- 30 60 120 Time After Infection in minutes) Cells were infected with approximately 1000 copies of either virus A or virus B at the O time point. At five-minute intervals, a sample of the virus and cell mixture was removed. The intact cells were removed from the sample, and the number...
Thank you angels its an example problem
4.2 Binomial distribution The genome of the HIV-1 virus, like any genome, is a string of "letters" (basepai an "alphabet"containing only four letters. The message for HIV is rather rs) in short, just 101 letters in all. Because any of the letters can mutat choices, there's a total of 30 000 possible distinct one-letter mutations. e to any of the three other In 1995, A. Perelson and D. Ho found that every day...
would occur during a viral infection. (8 pts) gh 8, with 1 being the first and 8 being the last) as they IFNAR1/2 is bound by ligand NK cell identifies the cell as healthy and does not kill it Type I interferon-stimulated genes are induced Type 1 Interferons all are secreted by virally-infected cells I protein expression on the plasma membrane becomes elevated STAT proteins are phosphorylated NK cell inhibitory receptor-mediated signaling increases JAK and Tyk2 are activated 3. Briefly...
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