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(5) Define random variable. Why should we care about random variables? How are they used/useful? (6) Define probability mass

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(5) A random variable(X) is a measurable function of the possible outcomes of the sample space in an experiment and maps these outcomes into the set of real numbers called range space.

(6) The probability distribution of a random variable which maps domain sample space of events into their probability is called the probability or density or mass function. Probability mass function gives the distribution of probabilities of a random variable across all the possible outcomes so it is essential to finding the probability of any outcome.

(7) The Cumulative distribution function of a random variable is the probability that is used  X will take a value less than or equal to X. CDF can be used to find probability of range of random variable. It can prove useful in case of finding probabilities such as "at most x=x0",etc.

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