Question

Please give the most simplest, easy to understand, short, straight to the point explanation. I'm struggling. Thanks in advance! (Please don't handwrite it)

A. Give two examples of each type of competition: exploitation, interference, interspecific, & intraspecific.

B. What is ammensalism? What are two examples of ammensalism?

C. What is commensalism? What are two examples of commensalism?

D. What is resource portioning? How does it take effect?

E. What does resource partitioning do for species that share the same territory?

Please give the most simplest, easy to understand, short, straight to the point explanation. I'm struggling. Thanks in advance! (Please don't handwrite it)

Answer 1

A. Exploitation competition occurs indirectly through a common limiting resource which acts as an intermediate. For example, the competition for light between tall trees and smaller plants in the same ecological area in the forest and the other example is the use of resources that depletes the amount available to others.

During interference competition, organisms interact directly by fighting for scarce resources. For example, Cottonwood leaves are the feeding sites for large insects such as aphids. These defend their feeding sites from smaller aphids by kicking and shoving them from there. Another example of it is between the ant Novomessor cockerelli and red harvester ants, where the ant Novomessor cockerelli interferes with the ability of the red ants to forage by plugging the entrances to their colonies with small rocks.

Interspecific competition is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem. For example, lions and tigers which have their common preys and farm of rice paddies with weeds growing in the field competing for the same resources.

Intraspecific competition occurs when the members of the same species competes for the same resources. For example, it could be for the same mating partner or for similar food.

B. Amensalism is an association between organisms of two different species in which one is inhibited or destroyed and the other is unaffected. For example, bread mould grows on bread and it secretes antibiotics which kills the bacteria present there. Another example is the black walnut trees which do not allow any growth of smaller plants like grasses in its bottom side because it secretes a chemical known as juglone which prevents the growth of other smaller plants below the walnut tree.

C. Commensalism- is an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm. Remora fish have a disk on their heads that makes them able to attach to larger animals, such as sharks, mantas, and whales. When the larger animal feeds, the remora detaches itself to eat the extra food. Another example is the relationship between cattle egrets and cattle.

D. Resource partitioning is the division of limited resources by species to help avoid competition in an ecological niche. Every time competition does not occur as it surely disturbs the well-being of two members so eventually they agree on an arrangement for coexistence and resource partitioning is just a way of coexistence i.e avoiding competition.

E. The species that share the same territories have the same resources and eventually, they learn to avoid competition and co-exist together by diving the resources equally among each other.