Question

A deficiency of the B vitamin niacin can result in which of the following? A beriberi B Wernicke encephalopathy c pellagra D scurvy 1. Which organ contributes to the homeostasis of riboflavin by removing the excess? A kidney B liver C stomach D duodenum 2. 3. How does smoking seem to affect biotin catabolism in women? A increases it decreases it B C changes it into a toxic substance D there is no effect on biotin from smoking The primary site for vitamin Bs metabolism in the body is the A small intestine B stomach C liver D brain 4. 5. Which of the following signs and symptoms might appear with a vitamin B deficiency? A fatigue and weakness B bleeding C stuffy nose D abdominal pain The replacement of nutrients lost in food processing or during storage is known as A fortification B supplementation C additives D enrichment 6. The disease in adults from vitamin D deficiency is 7. A rickets B osteoporosis C osteomalacia D osteomyelitis 8. The parathyroid hormone causes what change in bone in order to increase calcium in the blood? A increases catabolism of the bone B decreases catabolism of the bone C causes bones to break more easily D causes the increase of mineralization of bone tissue 9. Which of the following organs are involved in the production of active vitamin D in the body? A skin B liver C kidney D all of the above 10. Which of the following could be the cause of hypokalemia (low blood potassium)? A vomiting excess sweating potassium-wasting diuretics all of the above B C D 11. This mineral is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the body. It is involved in ADP an ATP in energy metabolism. It probably stabilizes nervous and vascular tissue and it used in eclampsia as an anticonvulsant. A phosphorus B calcium C magnesium D sulfur 12. One of the most common causes of hypercalcemia, besides cancer, is this syndrome, caused by ingestion of excess calcium and absorbable alkali. A irritable bowel syndrome B milk alkali syndrome C tetany D phosphorus syndrome 13. Most of the water in the body is contained in which space? A intracellular B intravascular C interstitial D transcellular 14. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area owith fewer particles to an area of more particles is known as A facilitated diffusion B dehydration C crenation D osmosis 15. The primary determinant of osmolality in the extracellular fluid is A calcium B sodium C phosphorus D protein 16. What causes diabetes insipidus? A excess intake of refined CHO B excess intake of protein C insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the hypothalamus D insufficient thyroid hormone 17. The hormone that causes the kidneys to retain sodium in the blood is A aldosterone B vasopressin C calcitonin D adrenocorticotropic hormone 18. Which area of the brain helps control water in the body by initiating a thirst mechanism? A thalamus B hypothalamus C brain stem D frontal lobe 19. This electrolyte is primarily inside cells. Slight variations in normal levels can result in severe consequences, especially to the heart muscle. A sodiunm B chloride C potassium D magnesium 20. What is the kidneys response to acidosis? A reabsorption of hydrogen ions B excretion of hydrogen ions C excretion of bicarbonate ions D excretion of more sodium ions 21. Which of these compounds produces the most water when metabolized? A alcohol B fat C carbohydrates D protein 22. This B vitamin plays a role in the reproduction of every cell, especially those that have a rapid turnover. Thus, it is vital for the reproduction of cells in the embryo. A vitamin Bs B pantothenic acid C niacin D folate 23. Which of the following will impair the enzyme that is needed for the digestion of folate? A zinc deficiency B methotrexate C oranges D all of the above 24. Which of the following vitamins is found almost exclusively in animal foods? A C B Be C B12 D folate 25. Which trace mineral is needed in the production of thyroid hormone (thyroxine)? A iron B fluoride C iodine D copper

Answer 1

Ans-1) A deficiency of the B vitamin niacin can result in (C) pellagra.

Vitamin B3 deficiency ( niacin deficiency) causes pellagra. Symptoms of this disease includes skin inflammation, diarrhea, dementia and sores in the mouth.

Ans-2) Which organ contributes to the homeostasis of riboflavin by removing the excess?

(A) kidney

Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, so excess of it is excreted by the kidney through the urine.

Ans-3) How does smoking seem to affect biotin catabolism in women?

(A) increases it.

Smoking accelerates biotin catabolism ( degradation of biotin) in women.

Ans-4) The primary site for vitamin B6 metabolism in the body is the (C) liver

The main storage of vitamin B6 is the muscle cells of the body ( about 80%) and the remaining vitamin B6 is stored in the liver.