Question

What is the difference between growth and development?

What is a normal growth pattern?

How to the following factors affect growth and development: genetics, prenatal, individual, caregiver factors, environment, and nutrition?

Answer 1

1. difference between growth and development.

growth	development
1. growth os quantitative. 2. it comprises height , weight, body mass, size etc. ex- head circumferance, mid arm cicumferance, chest circumferance etc. 3. it is due to cell division. 4. it is for limited period. 5. growth can be measured. 6. it is physical changes. 7. it is cellular.	1. where as development is quantitative as well as qualitative. 2. but it comprises physiological changes, physical, social, emotional changes etc. 3. it happens due to motor and adjust mental processes. 4. but it takes place till death. 5. but it can be observed. 6. where as development is overal changes. 7. it is organisational.

2. nomal growth pattern:

• the growth pattern starts at conception.
• the fetus in the mothers womb grows rapidly at the last 3-month of conception.
• the newborn triplet his weight at the time of first birthday and it quadruples during second.
• cephalocaudal growth pattern represents a child head growth occurs first as compare to neck and arm trunk as compare to leg.
• distroproximal represents a childs trunk and arm became more functional before hand and fingers.
• the head region starts growth first as compare to other organs.
• the child controls head first then arms and leg.
• thedirection of growth start from head to foot and from the central axis to the extremities of the body.
• the spinal cord develops first then the outer part of body.

3. factors affecting growth and development:

a. genetics:

genetical structure os parents and grand parent also the traits transmitted to the child. accordingly their physical development, mental development happen. it determines the potential and limitation of growth and development.ex- congenital malformation, genetic diseases, hormonal disturbances etc.

b. prenatal individual:

prenatal factors are the fetus may suffer fron nutritional imbalances or malnutrition. mal positioning in uterus. the mother may suffer from any disease like diabetes, hypertention, AIDS, Hepatitis B, ebola etc. the fetus also affected by the effect of radiation. the life style of mother like smoking and alcohol practice is also affect the fetus growth and development.

c. caregivers:

improper care by the caregiver like not maintenance os handhygiene during feeding, improper feeding, schedule of feeding, mis handling etc. if the caregiver suffered from any communicable disease that also affect.

d. environment:

this also affect the childs growth and development. it again 2-types like internal environment is any hereditary, genetic factor and external environment like pollution, noise, infection. exposure to drugs and alcohol. exposure to sunshine, playing outside are influence the growth and development.

e. nutrition:

malnutritional practice also makes the child to suffer from protein energy malnutrition or obesity. the cultural practice of taking food during pregnancy also affect. lifestyle of eating junk food etc. after taking sufficient nutrition also the emotionally disturbed child not improved the health.