Question

presentation on the following clinical models (clinical models start on page 270 of your textbook): 1) Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 2) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 3) Major Depressive Disorder, and 4) Autism Spectrum Disorders. Each slide should contain the name of the clinical model and two to three bullet points on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment for each.

Answer 1

1.Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

This is one of the most common forms of anxiety disorder. It happens due to the excessive anxiety of a person about their health, money, family or other issues. Commonly seen in women than men. Acceptance commitment therapy, interpersonal therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy can help the client to get rid of from their overconcern disorder. Along with the help of therapies medications and relaxation techniques also used to treat GAD.

The symptoms can be over thinking and inability to take decisions, inability to take decisions, excessive fear about wrong decision making etc.

The root cause of the disease can be the genetic transmission, biological change in neurotransmission and personality changes.

Physical examination, psychological questionnaire, blood and urine analysis can help to diagnosis generalized anxiety disorder

2.Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.

It is a serious a serious anxiety disorder resulted from a serious physical trauma or violence.

The symptoms can be the avoidance of a person or situation which makes them fearful, the flashback of unpleasant memories and increased emotional disturbances.

The diagnosis can be done with the help of specially designed interview and assessments. The physical and functional assessment also can help to diagnose the condition.

Psychotherapy along with antidepressants help to get rid of this disease condition. Therapies such as cognitive

behavioral therapy, prolonged exposure therapy, family therapy etc are examples of therapies.

3.Major Depressive Disorder.

This is a form of extreme level of depression and lack of interest in external stimuli around them.

This is curable and if we left untreated it can become fatal also.

Symptoms can be excessive sadness, hopelessness, tiredness, and loss of appetite etc.

Causes of the disease can be hormonal changes, genetic factors, biological changes in brain etc.

Diagnosis can be with the help of physical examination, lab tests, psychiatric assessments.

Antidepressants and psychotherapy will help to treat the condition.ECT and TMS also included in the treatment modalities.

Autism Spectrum disorder.

It develops in early childhood due to the developmental disorder of brain functions. Causes of this disease are genetic factors and environmental factors. Boys are more prone to get autism. preterm labor, certain disease conditions, parent's age, and family history also increases the chance for developing autism.

Signs and symptoms are unresponsiveness to smile or happy expressions of parents. The child will not respond to sounds or facial expressions. They may lose language skills and socialization skills later. The child may more prone to get social isolation due to lack of interest in activities.

Diagnosis includes delayed developmental signs in the regular checkup. Unfortunately, there is no complete cure for this disease condition yet. Early intervention and treatment can help your child to improve his skills. Treatment modalities include behavioral therapy, communication skill development, educational therapy, family therapy, and medications.