Question

1. When using girth measurements to assess health risk, waist circumference in men should ideally be below

a.90 cm

b.120 cm

c. 130 cm

d. 150 cm

2. Which of the following is not one of the sites used for skinfold measurement?

a. Neck

b. Subscapular

c. Midaxillary

d. Calf

3. The _______________ equation is used to convert body density into body fat %.

a. Jackson & Pollock

b. Archimedes

c. Siri

d. BMI

4, When using hydrodensitometry to assess body composition, which of the following statements is false?

a. Subjects must exhale all air possible out of the lungs.

b. Subjects should breathe normally with their head just above the water line.

c. Subject’s vital capacity should be determined.

d. The subject should have refrained from eating within a few hours prior to the test.

5. When using DEXA to assess bone mineral density.

a. a T-score of -1 indicates osteoporosis

b. a T-score of -2 indicates osteoporosis

c. a Z-score of -1 indicates osteoporosis

d. a Z-score of -2 indicates osteoporosis

Answer 1

1. Girth measurements help assess the body fat of an individual. Higher girth measurements are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

The recommended girth measurement by World Health Organization is 90cm for men and 84cm for women. Measurements higher than 102cm are associated several diseases.

So the answer is 90cm

2. Measurement of skin folds help determine the excess fat accumulation in the body.

Sites for skin fold measurements include triceps, thigh, abdomen, subscapular, suprailiac, midaxillary, pectoral.

Neck area is not used for skinfold measurements.

So the answer is neck.

3. Body density can be converted to percentage body fat by using SIRI equation.

So the answer is SIRI.

4. Hydrodensitometry is one of tge techniques to measure body.

It is based on Archimedes principle.

The dry weight and weight in water is measured.

The procedure requires the patient to exhale as much air as he can before immersing him into water.

To measure weight known value of residual volume and vital capacity are required.

As repeated immersion of body into the water is required for a few times, the individual is advice not to eat few hours prior to test performance.

All the body parts including head should be immersed in water during hydrodensitometry and the patient is instructed not to move.

So option (b) is incorrect.

5. DEXA is the technique used to measure the bone mineral density. It stands for dual energy xray absorptiometry.

It consists of two scores: T score and Z score.

T score of -1 and above is considered normal bone, between -1 to -2.5 as osteopenia and below -2.5 as osteoporosis

Z score of -2.0 and above is considered normal bone mineral density and below -2.0 as development of osteoporosis.

So the answer is (d. ) a Z-score of -2 indicates osteoporosis