Question

Please explain how the US implemented aspects of the National Health Insurance Model, the Bismarck Model, the Beveridge Model, and the Out-of-pocket Model while using clear examples in each.

Answer 1

The national health insurance model
It is sometimes called a statutory health insurance model. Health insurance insures a national population against health care costs. it includes the public and private sector but payment comes from a government insurance program for each individual. It is cheaper and simpler due to claims no profit. Example: Canada's system and South Korea, Taiwan receiving low price drugs from American drug stores.
Bismarck model:
In the 19th century Germany state introduced this system it provides health care for Americans, These insurees called sickness funds usually pay by the employer by payroll deduction. taxes deducted from paychecks. example: Germany, Belgium, Japan, and Switzerland having this social health insurance model, they are competing for insurers or multiple, their regulations for the government make cost control.
Beveridge model:
It was established in the UK, North Europe.their government act as the single payers without competition in the market for low price, marketing. free of service through funding health care and income tax. The patient never pays out of pocket fees. It is a model of health as a human right. here government response to the crisis, in case of war or health crisis funding reduces when public revenue reduce, so there is a financial burden in the large scale population, it needs careful adoption of emergency funding before the crisis.
Out of pocket model:
It is market-driven health care in China, Africa, South America. patient pay for their health services. poor population and uninsured people do not afford health care. there are health disparities in wealth. example: Adults in the US getting less regular physician consultation and they left with untreated for their chronic illness.