Question

3. Atomic physics of sodium. In the sodium atom, there is a transition between the 3s and 3p atomic states that produces the yellow-orange light seen in many street lamps a. Sodium has 11 protons and 11 electrons with ten of the electrons filling the n =1 and n = 2 levels. Including interactions between the outer electron and the electrons in the underlying shells, should the 3s or the 3p energy level have the highest energy? Use properties of the hydrogen wave functions to justify your answer b. What are the possible total angular momentum values associated with each energy level? c. Draw an energy level diagram that shows how the total angular momentum levels are affected by the spin-orbit splitting. Also show how the levels are affected by the presence of an external magnetic field. d. Which of the n=3 levels can be reached from the 4s level by emission of a photon? Explain

Answer 1

a)The sodium is siqnitican tiy lower BS devel than ot greater Penehration P be ca use shielding Past the elecron levels Both penehrate enough td be Siqnibicantty tower n 3 uabeup Ay level tohich they oould have 1 Shield ing perject Were loga 54 term S S L 25t 2 Cdoublet i-S t0 Lts from Tanges S = L-O

p erm Symbol L=1, = dutublet N 21 Na without Magnetic field. Na NG field magnetic With +2 Dheay 1-1 T