Question

Please state at least two central ideas you found interesting in each of these thinkers (eight ideas total)--Kant, Rousseau, Smith, Marx--and tell which thinker/idea you agree with most and why, and which idea/thinker you disagree with most and why.

Answer 1

Morality refers to what people consider good or bad/right or wrong

*According to Kantian formalism, knowledge is the result of the interaction between the mind and sensation and is structured by regulative ideas called categories.

According to him a fact derived by logic without needing experience. If I know one thing I can infer the other

We can come to know how humans are guided by the laws of nature, and it guides human behavior and defines our morality

* Rousseau describes the relationship of man with society claimed that the state of nature is a brutish condition without law or morality and that there good men only as a result of social presence. The social contract is the compact agreed to among men that set the conditions for membership in the society

He argued that the goal of government should be to secure freedom, equality, and justice for all within the state, regardless of the will of the majority

*Adamsmith believed in the Free economy or free markets. The economic liberty guaranteed economic progress. According to him natural laws of economics are:

#Law of self-interest#Law of supply and demand

#Law of competition

* Karl Marx offers a critique of capitalism. It presents a vision of social change and society liberated from capitalist exploitation through a communist revolution. According to him completely equal society involving shared ownership of the means of production and an end to private property and economic exploitation.

$\rightarrow$ I agree with the ideas of Karl Marx, why because he wanted to abolish Christianity and wanted the working class to control government and abolish upper and middle class. The main thing is that he opposed capitalism and thinks that people should not own their own homes, land etc and all would be equal (Communism).

$\rightarrow$ I disagree with the idea of the Immanual Kant that he typically distinguishes two varieties of empirical idealism:dogmaticand problematic idealism. In the dogmatic idealism, which claims that objects in space do not exist, and in the problematic idealism which claims that objects in space may exist. He is stating the life after death also, there is no proof behind his ideology