Hyperthyroidism happens when there’s too much thyroid hormone in your body. This condition is also called thyrotoxicosis. An overactive or enlarged thyroid gland may produce more thyroid hormone.
Hypothyroidism and hypocalcemia are common after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The treatment goals for hypothyroidism are to reverse clinical progression and correct metabolic derangements, as evidenced by normal blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). Thyroid hormone is administered to supplement or replace endogenous production. In general, hypothyroidism can be adequately treated with a constant daily dose of levothyroxine (LT4).
Standard treatment for hyperthyroidism
Treatment is necessary if you have hyperthyroidism. High levels of
thyroid hormones in your body can be toxic. Left untreated,
hyperthyroidism may lead to heart problems, bone loss, fracture
risk, and other issues.
Your doctor may prescribe antithyroid medications. These drugs help to balance an overactive thyroid gland. In some cases, treatment may include radiation therapy or thyroid surgery.
Certain foods can help keep your thyroid healthy and reduce some of the negative effects of this condition. Some minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients are necessary to balance thyroid function.
A low-iodine diet is usually prescribed prior to some treatments for hyperthyroidism. For example, you’ll need to follow a low-iodine diet before having radiation therapy to remove excess or damaged thyroid cells.
After treatment, it’s still important to balance iodine in your diet. Other foods help to protect your thyroid and reduce the long-term effects of hyperthyroidism.
Foods to eat if you have hyperthyroidism
Low-iodine foods
The mineral iodine plays a key role in making thyroid hormones. A
low-iodine diet helps to reduce thyroid hormones. Add these foods
to your daily diet:
Cruciferous
vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables and other types may stop your thyroid from
using iodine properly. They may be beneficial for
hyperthyroidism:
Vitamins and
minerals
Several nutrients are essential for thyroid health and to balance
thyroid hormone production.
Iron
Iron is important for many vital bodily functions, including thyroid health. This mineral is needed for blood cells to carry oxygen to every cell in your body. Low levels of iron are linked to hyperthyroidism. Get plenty of iron in your diet with foods such as:
Selenium
Selenium-rich foods may help to balance thyroid hormone levels and protect your thyroid from disease. Selenium helps to prevent cell damage and keep your thyroid and other tissues healthy.
Good food sources of selenium include:
Zinc
Zinc helps you use food for energy. This mineral also keeps your immune system and thyroid healthy. Food sources of zinc include:
Calcium and vitamin D
Hyperthyroidism causes weak and brittle bones. Bone mass may be restored with treatment. Vitamin D and calcium are necessary for building healthy bones.
Calcium-rich foods include:
Vitamin D is found in these low-iodine foods:
Healthy fats
Fats that are from whole foods and largely unprocessed may help
reduce inflammation. This helps to protect thyroid health and
balance thyroid hormones. Nondairy fats are important in a
low-iodine diet. These include:
Spices
Some spices and herbs have anti-inflammatory properties to help
protect and balance thyroid function. Add flavor and a dose of
antioxidants to your daily meals with:
Foods to avoid if you have
hyperthyroidism
Excess iodine
Eating too many iodine-rich or iodine-fortified foods may lead to
hyperthyroidism or worsen it in some cases.
A teaspoon of iodized salt gives you 284 micrograms of iodine. Seafood has the most iodine. Just 1 gram of seaweed contains 2 milligrams of iodine. The recommend dose of iodine is about 1.1 milligrams per day. A low-iodine diet requires even less.
Avoid the following seafood and seafood additives:
Avoid other foods high in iodine such as:
Some medications also contain iodine. These include:
Nitrates
Chemicals called nitrates may cause your thyroid to absorb too much
iodine. This can lead to an enlarged thyroid and
hyperthyroidism.
Nitrates are found naturally in some foods. Processed foods may contain added nitrates. It may also be found in drinking water. Avoid or limit foods such as:
Gluten
In some people, gluten may harm the thyroid by causing
inflammation. Even if you don’t have a gluten allergy or
intolerance, it may be beneficial to restrict or limit gluten.
Check food labels for gluten-containing ingredients such as:
Soy
While soy doesn’t contain iodine, it’s been shown to interfere with
some treatments for hyperthyroidism in animals. Avoid or limit
foods with soy such as:
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