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Need help with answering each box pertaining to the disorder of disease process: diabetes mellitus management of acute illness.ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: System Disorder STUDENT NAM DISORDER:DISEASE PROCESS Sabetes Mellitus Management REVIEW MODULE CHAP

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#. Diabetes mellitus :-

It is a chronic metabolic condition in which blood glucose increases due to insulin insufficiency . It is of two types - Type 1 and Type 2 .

#. Pathophysiology - Pathophysiology of Diabetes

- Diabetes is a condition in which the body is unable to sufficiently produce or properly use insulin.

- Diabetes is diagnosed by identifying individuals with elevated blood glucose concentrations.

- The two most common types are type 1 and type 2.

- Diabetic macrovascular complications include heart disease and stroke.

- Diabetic microvascular complications include disorders of the kidney, nervous system and retinal.

#. Diagnosis of Diabetes

Elevated blood glucose

1. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) > 126 mg/dl

2. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

2-hour plasma glucose > 200 mg/dl

3. Random glucose test (> 200 mg/dl)

#. Diagnosis of Pre-Diabetes

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)

- FPG > 100 mg/dl and <126 mg/dl

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)

- OGTT 2-hour plasma glucose > 140 and < 200 mg/dl

Risk factors - non-modifiable :-

-can be born with type 1 of diabetes

-age

-gender

-family history/genetics

-being over 55

Risk factors modifiable :-

-low SES and low education

-lack of empowerment of the individual

-poor physical activty

-high fat levels

-obesisty-impared glucose tolerance

-gestational diabetes

-being over 45 and overweight

#. Health promotion and disease prevention :-

Primary prevention include diet, exercise , weight loss , smoking cessation etc . Secondary prevention include screening , glycemic control , and vaccination .

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