Question

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Polystitic kidney disease
4 pages
based on contents, evidence, demonstrate understanding.

characteristics, commodities and signs and symptons.

5 or more references
cover page

Answer 1

Pkd consist of cluster of cyst which develop in kidney which result in kidney enlargment and these cyst are like sacs which contain fluid. These cyst varies in size according to their enlargment. The most common cause is abnormal genes or may be spontaneous mutation .Its occurance is 1 in 1000 births and occurr between 30-50 year of age.

Types : autosomal receesive polycystic kidney diseases

Autosomal dominant polycupoly kidney diseases

Pkd due to the mutation in PKD1gene PKD2 and pkd1 located on short arm of 16 chromosome and pkd2 located on long arm of 4 chromosome and most commonly mutation occurs in pkd 1 mutation and rarely due to pkd 2 mutation , noally these gene encode polycystin 1 and polycystin 2 ,

Histologically these cysts lined by cuboidal epithelium and papillary projection and functional nephrons are present between sclerosed area and cyst containing area . There is saccular expansion of tubules.

Grossly if we see the kidney we see enlarged kidney having protuberance composed of cyst and cyst contain brown color fluid.

Pkd is diagnosed with kidney and liver biopsy and also by dna analysis and it represents hypertension which is early manifestated to control htn we can give raas inhibitor like ACE inhibitor like enalapril , Lisinopril and we can advise the patient to restrict salt intake and low protein intake and water intake ,eexercise , maintain body weight .

Sign

High blood pressure is the main sign of pkd

Blood in urine

Pain in back

Pain in sides

Increase in abdominal size

Kidney infection are more likely to occur

Profounding chest

Symptoms

Headache

Vomiting

Chest pain

Kidney stone

Pregnancy complications

Loss of kidney function

Liver cyst

Uti