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B4. Closed economy Keynesian model: The aggregate demand-side of the economy Rigidia is well-described by a standard IS-LM-FE framework while the short-run aggregate supply side is characterized by (SRAS) aggregate output/income, Y is the full employment output level, P is the Here Y is realized aggregate realized price level, Pe is the expected price level and b is a constant that depends on the slope of the labour demand curve. Explain the effects of each of the following on the values of Y, the real interest rate, r, P and pe, both in the short-run and as the economy adjusts towards general equilibrium. Assume that all changes are unanticipated. In each case, illustrate the effects using IS- LM-FE and AD-AS diagrams, starting from an initial situation of general equilibrium and explain in words. (a) A reduction in the effective tax rate on capital that increases desired investment. (b) A rise in the expected rate of inflation. (c) An influx of working-age immigrants which increases the labour supply. (d) An increase in the volatility of the stock market. (e) An decrease in government purchases.
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