Question

Three forms of weight control surgery In this procedure, a large Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat dversely affects the quality of hife, leading to Increased health portion of the gastric lumen problems and decressed life expectancy. Obesity refers to an enes amount of body fat. Both obesity and overwelght (ansmall pouch in contact with the excess amount of body weight that can come from musdles, hone, fat, and water) result from energy Imbalance When the number of calories eaten is greater than the number of calories surgical procedure to Induce welght ased, there is an energy imbalance So, if people eat and drink loss. In this surgery, the proximal more calories chan they use ("burn?, the balance tips toward weight gain. Over time, if this imbalance continues, the person to a small pouch formed by a superior portion becomes overweight. If the pattern continues further, obesity of the stomach. Although this procedure seems more effective results. Weight management can be a complex issue because itthan gastric stapling, it involves more complicated surgery involves complex Interactions among behavior, diet, exercise, andA third procedure, adjustable gastric band surgery (also genetics. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk for type known as lap-band surgery), is shown above. It involves placing 2dabetes, hypertension, candiovascular disease, and early death. an inflatable silcone device around the superior aspect of the Because obesity is a leading preventable cause of death, tomach by laparoscopic surgery. This procedure is performed orn more people ave turned to surgery to help them lose weight. obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 35-40 or greater. One form of weight control surgery involves gastric stapling. (The body mass index is a ratio calculated by dividing body weight is stapled shut, leaving only esophagus and duodenum Gastric bypass is another small intestine (duodenum) is connected in kilograms by the square of body height in meters; it is used to identify people who are overweight or underweight.) After each type of surgery, the stomach will hold approximately 110-220 grams of food at each meal, compared to 1500 grams for a normal, distended stomach. Although surgical intervention is successful in many cases, the risks for potential complications are also high. How would gastric stapling result in weight loss? Explain the roles of the stretch receptors and the feeling of fullness after the gastric stapling procedure Using your knowledge of smooth muscle tissue, what will happen to the gastric muscular layer over time after gastric stapling? How do gastric bypass surgery and lap-band surgery help achieve the goal of weight loss?

Answer 1

Ans 1) Gastric stapling is a way which is used for weight loss and is a type of weight control surgery. This can be used for weight loss as large portion of the gastric lumen is joined and shut and hence only a very small part of the lumen connects the esophagus and duodenum. This hence is not able to take in a lot of food inside the body. By this method, it limits or restricts the amount of food a person can consume and hence helps in weight loss.

Ans 2) The stretch receptors are present around the muscle and various organs and help with the muscle activity. These receptors help in stimulating the contraction and release of the muscles. The stretch receptors are able to tell the stomach the food consumed is sufficient and when the stomach is full, these receptors send signal to brain about the stomach being full. When there is gastric stapling, the size of the stomach reduces and hence stretch receptor is able to understand this and hence send the signal that stomach is full.

Ans 3)The smooth muscle contracts during the process of digestion and hence help in breakdown of the nutrients. They help in pushing the food through the body as the intestine contract and hence help with digestion. When a person undergoes gastric stapling, this contracts the smooth muscle over time and hence the process of digestion enhances. Also, due to the reduction in the smooth muscle and the surface area to hold the food, the intestine quickly processes the food, absorbed nutrients and hence the food processing takes less time, leading to less processing calories.

Ans 4) Gastric bypass surgery help in weight loss by the process of restriction and malabsorption of food. It alters the way food is managed by stomach and small intestine. In this stomach is divided into smaller and larger pouch and then the small intestine is rearranged which connects both. This process limits the intake and consumption of food as well as since the intestine is bypassed, it reduces processing time for consuming and absorbing nutrients and food. The lap band surgery is when a silicone device which is inflatable is placed around stomach and hence creates a small pouch to hold that is connecting to small intestine. Hence with the size reduction, it limits consumption of food to small amount and hence helps in reducing weight.