Question

Three forms of weight control surgery Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat adversely affects the quality of life, leading to increased health problems and decreased life expectancy. Obesity refers to an excess amount of body fat. Both obesity and overweight (an excess amount of body weight that can come from muscles, bone, fat, and water) result from energy imbalance: When the number of calories eaten is greater than the number of calories used, there is an energy imbalance. So, if people eat and drink more calories than they use ("burn"), the balance tips toward weight gain. Over time, if this imbalance continues, the person becomes overweight. If the pattern continues further, obesity results. Weight management can be a complex issue because it involves complex interactions among behavior, diet, exercise, and genetics. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and early death. Because obesity is a leading preventable cause of death, more people have turned to surgery to help them lose weight. One form of weight control surgery involves gastric stapling. In this procedure, a large Gastric portion of the gastric lumen band is stapled shut, leaving only a Stomach small pouch in contact with the esophagus and duodenum. Gastric bypass is another surgical procedure to induce weight loss. In this surgery, the proximal small intestine (duodenum) is connected to a small pouch formed by a superior portion of the stomach. Although this procedure seems more effective than gastric stapling, it involves more complicated surgery. A third procedure, adjustable gastric band surgery (also known as lap-band surgery), is shown above. It involves placing an inflatable silicone device around the superior aspect of the stomach by laparoscopic surgery. This procedure is performed on obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 35-40 or greater. (The body mass index is a ratio calculated by dividing body weight in kilograms by the square of body height in meters; it is used to identify people who are overweight or underweight.) After each type of surgery, the stomach will hold approximately 110-220 grams of food at each meal, compared to 1500 grams for a normal, distended stomach. Although surgical intervention is successful in many cases, the risks for potential complications are also high. 1 How would gastric stapling result in weight loss? 2 Explain the roles of the stretch receptors and the feeling of fullness after the gastric stapling procedure. 3 Using your knowledge of smooth muscle tissue, what will happen to the gastric muscular layer over time after gastric stapling? How do gastric bypass surgery and lap-band surgery help achieve the goal of weight loss?

Answer 1

1. Gastric stapling reduces the size of the stomach. This means that the patient is not able to each much food. The size of the stomach decrease so the amount of ghrelin released also decreases. It decreases the appetite and produces the feeling of fullness.

Since, the size of the stomach is decreased it feels full quickly and it cannot hold much enough food in it also.

So, in this way the food intake decreases.