Question

Total You reflected on your study design and this time you randomly selected from a pool of all high school students in the city of Charlotte. This time your results are as follows: Poor Memory Good Memory Function (D+) Function (D-) Sleep Deprived (E+) 80 60 140 Not Sleep Deprived (E-) 120 240 360 Total 200 300 500 5. What is the odds ratio of poor memory function for those sleep deprived compared to those who are not sleep deprived? 4 points 6. Interpret the odds ratio you calculated in question #5. What conclusion would you reach based on this result? 4 points 7. What form of bias do you think was introduced in the first study design? Why would this matter in terms of a public health response? Extra Credit (4 points): Briefly describe how this bias operated across the two study designs in terms of percent distribution (proportions) of those diseased and non- diseased and their exposure status *Side note: If you calculate the relative risk, it will differ from the odds ratio estimates. Ignore this!

Answer 1

The odds ratio is a measure of association between exposure and outcome. The OR represent the odds that can outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occuring in the absence of that exposure.

Calculating odds ratio

OR= (a/c) / (b/d) = (a*d) / (b*c)

OR = (80/120) / (60/240)= (80*240)/(60*120)

= 0.666/0.25 = 19200/7200

= 2.664 = 2.666

Insufficient sleep among children for example, is associated with physical and mental health consequence including increased risk of depression and obesity and negative effects on mood, attention and academic performance. Children who get enough sleep or more likely to demonstrate measures of childhood flourishing in comparison to children with insufficient sleep. It's relatively equal who ever having healthy sleep pattern, those childrens have good memories. Main reason for the sleep deprivation is age, federal poverty, time spend in front of the television, time spend with computer, cell phones, games and other electronic devices, adverse childhood experiences and mental health conditions. Risk factors associated with insufficient sleep, which included Lowe levels of parental or caregiver education, children living in families at lower federal poverty levels, increased duration of digital media usage, increased number of adverse childhood experiences And the presence of mental health conditions.

There are two systems regarding sleep, the circadian and homeostatic systems. The homeostatic systems, which causes us feel increasingly tired after a very long day or sleepless night is not well understood. Sleep pressure increases during wake and dissipate during sleep, but the molecul and neurones that measures homeostatic sleep pressure remain poorly understood.