Activity-Based Costing
Manchester Technology. Inc. manufactures several different types of printed circuit boards; however, two of the boards account for the majority of the company's sales. The first of these hoards. a television circuit board. has been a standard in the industry for several years. The market for this type of board is competitive and price-sensitive. Manchester plans to sell 65.000 of the TV boards in 20x1 at a price of S150 per unit. The second high-volume product. a personal computer circuit board. is a recent addition to Manchester's product line. Because the PC board incorporates the latest technology. it can be sold at a premium price. The: 20x1 plans include the sale of 40,000 PC boards at $300 per unit.
Manchester’s management group is meeting to discuss how to spend the sales and promotion dollars for 20x1 . The sales manager believes that the market share for the TV board could be expanded by concentrating Manchester's promotional efforts in this area. In response to this suggestion. the production manager said, “Why don't you go after a bigger market for the PC board? The cost sheets that I get show that the contribution from the PC board is more than double the contribution from the TV board. I know we get a premium price for the PC board. Selling it should help overall profitability.”
The cost-accounting system shows that the following costs apply to the PC and TV boards.
PC Board | TV Board | |
Direct material | $140 | $80 |
Direct labor | 4 hr | 1.5hr |
Machine time | 1.511r | .5hr. |
Variable manufacturing overhead is applied on the basis of direct-labor hours. For :20 x 1. variable overhead is budgeted at $1, l20,OOO, and direct-labor hours are estimated at 280.000.The hourly rates for machine time and direct labor are SI0 and $14. respectively. The company applies a material-handling charge at 10percent of material cost. This material-handling charge is not included in variable manufacturing overhead. Total 20xI expenditures for direct material are budgeted at $10,800,000.
Andrew Fulton. Manchester's controller. believes that before the management group proceeds with the discussion about allocating sales and promotional dollars to individual products. it might be worthwhile 10 look at these products on the basis of the activities involved in their production. Fulton has prepared the following schedule to help the management group understand this concept
“Using this information,” Fulton explained, “we can calculate an activity-based cost for each TV board and each PC board and then compare it to the standard cost we have been using. The only cost that remains the same for both cost methods is the cost of direct material. The cost drivers will replace the direct labor, machine time, and overhead costs in the old standard cost figures.”
Budgeted Cost | Cost Driver | Budgeted Annual Activity for Cost Driver | ||
Procurement | $400.00 | Number of parts . | 4,000.000parts | |
Production scheduling | 220,000 | Number of boards . | 11 0,000 boards | |
Packaging and shipping | 440,000 | Number of boards | 110,000 boards | |
Total | $1,060.00 | |||
Machine setup | $446,000 | Number of setups | 278,750 setups | |
Pounds of waste | 16,000 pounds | |||
Hazardous waste disposal | 48,000 | Number of inspections | 160,000 inspections | |
Quality control | 560,000 | Number of boards | 110,000 boards | |
General supplies | 66,000 | |||
Total | $ 1,120,000 | Number of parts . | 3,000,000 parts | |
Machine insertion .. | $1,200,000 | Number of parts .. | 1,000,000 parts | |
Manual insertion .. | 4.000,000 | Number of boards | 11 0,000 boards | |
Wave-soldering . | 132,000 | |||
Total | $ 5.332,000 |
Required per Unit | PC Board | TV Board |
Parts: | 55 | 25 |
Machine insertions | 35 | 24 |
Manual insertions | 20 | 1 |
Machine setups | 3 | 2 |
hazardous waste disposal | .35 lb | .02 lb |
inspections | 2 | 1 |
Required:
1. Identify at least four general advantages associated with activity-based costing.
2. On the basis of Manchester’s unit cost data given in the problem. calculate the total amount that each of the two product lines will contribute toward covering fixed costs and profit in 20xI . (In other words, for each product line, calculate the total sales revenue minus the total variable costs. This amount is often referred to as a product’s total contribution margin.)
3. Repeat requirement (2) but now use the cost data from the activity-based costing system.
4. Explain how a comparison of the results of the two costing methods may impact the decisions made by Manchester's management group.
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