When electrons cross from the n-type to the p-type to equalize the Fermi energy on both sides in an unbiased diode, they leave the n-type side with an excess of positive charge and give the p-type side an excess of negative. Charge layers oppose one another on either side of the depletion zone, producing, in essence, a capacitor, which harbors the so-called built-in electric field. The crossing of the electrons to equalize the Fermi energy produces the dogleg in the bands of roughly Egap, and the corresponding potential difference is E gaple. The depletion zone in a typical diode is 1 μm wide, and the band gap is 1.0 eV. How large is the built-in electric field?
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